How Does Earth's Atmospheric Charge Density Vary with Altitude?

AI Thread Summary
The discussion focuses on calculating the volume charge density of the Earth's atmosphere between altitudes of 271 m and 409 m, using electric field measurements of 155 N/C and 175.5 N/C, respectively. Participants apply Gauss' law to derive expressions for electric flux and charge density, emphasizing the need to consider a flat Gaussian surface instead of accounting for Earth's curvature. The calculations involve determining the total charge within the defined volume and simplifying the expression to eliminate area from the final charge density formula. Despite initial confusion over variable definitions, the final computed charge density is 1.11 C/m^3. The conversation highlights the importance of correctly applying theoretical principles in practical atmospheric physics problems.
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In a particular region of the Earth's atmosphere, the electric field above the Earth's surface has been measured to be 155 N/C downward at an altitude of 271 m and 175.5 N/C downward at an altitude of 409 m. The permittivity of free space is 8.85 x 10^-12 C^2/Nm^2. Neglecting the curvature of the earth, calculate the volume charge density of the atmosphere assuming it to be uniform between 271 m and 409 m. Answer in units of C/m^3.

First I figured out the 2 equations for flux and set them equal to each other. \Phi = q_e_n_c / E_o and \Phi = E cos \theta * A Since theta= 90, cos 90=1, so it's just * A.
To find the area of the sphere, I took the area of the larger sphere and subtracted the smaller one.
so A= (E_R * 4\pi R^2)- (E_r * 4\pi r^2)
So then q_e_n_c/ E_o = (E_RA- E_rA)
q_enc= (E_RA- E_rA)*E_o
since it's charge per volume, you divide each side by the volume and solve for the charge.
so q_e_n_c = (E_RA - E_rA)*E_o / 4/3 \pi (R^3-r^3)
i was a little unsure of what each variable was in the problem, but I think
E_r = 155 N/C
E_R = 175.5 N/C
r= 271 m
R= 409
So plugging in gives (155* 4pi (271)^2)=1.43 x 10^8 for E_rA
E_RA = (175.5 * 4pi (409)^2) = 3.69 x 10^8
so 2.26x 10^8/ (4/3)pi (409^3 -271^3)) =1.11 C/m^3
Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong?
 
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We are asked to neglect the curvature of the earth. So, consider a large, flat region of the Earth's surface. Imagine a Gaussian surface in the shape of a rectangular box with the top and bottom surfaces of the box parallel to the ground. Let the top surface of the box be 409 m above the ground and the bottom surface of the box be 271 m above the ground. Let the top and bottom surfaces of the box each have area ##A##.

Gauss' law can be used to find an expression for the total charge ##Q## inside the box. The expression will involve the area ##A##.

Then we can derive an expression for the charge density ##\rho## and find that the area ##A## does not appear in the expression for ##\rho##.
 
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