How Does Varying a Function Lead to a Change in Its Integral Form?

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Varying the function involves taking the integral of a specific expression related to the field φ and its derivatives. The variation with respect to φ leads to a modified integral that incorporates terms representing time and spatial derivatives. The transformation to the form involving partial derivatives indicates a shift in how variations are expressed in terms of the underlying metric. The discussion highlights confusion regarding the movement of variations and derivatives within the integral. Clarification on this topic may be better suited for a calculus-focused forum.
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Hi i am trying to vary \int a^{3}(t)(0.5\dot{\phi}^{2}-\frac{1}{2a^2}(\nabla \phi)^{2} -V) d^3 x
I understand that one varyies w.r.t phi so it becomes:
\int a^{3}(t)(\dot{\phi}\delta \dot{\phi}-\frac{1}{a^2}(\nabla \phi)(\delta \nabla \phi) -V'\delta \phi) d^3 x

I can't see why it would then becomes \int (-\frac{d}{dt}(a^{3}\dot{\phi})+a(\nabla^{2} \phi) -a^3V') d^3 x

I.e where do the variations go why does it become \partial_{\mu} that then moves before the terms not after them , i realize that the metric used is (-,+++)
 
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I don't know the answer, but I think you would do better by putting your question in the calculus forum.
 
So I know that electrons are fundamental, there's no 'material' that makes them up, it's like talking about a colour itself rather than a car or a flower. Now protons and neutrons and quarks and whatever other stuff is there fundamentally, I want someone to kind of teach me these, I have a lot of questions that books might not give the answer in the way I understand. Thanks
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