How Efficient is an old-style coal-fired steam boiler?

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Old-style coal-fired steam boilers from the early industrial revolution typically exhibit lower efficiency compared to modern counterparts, often around 32%. The energy extracted from coal primarily depends on the thermodynamic limits set by the Rankine cycle. The amount of coal consumed and the rate of combustion are crucial for maintaining optimal steam production without overheating or cooling. Understanding these factors is essential for accurately depicting the operation of such boilers in historical narratives. The discussion highlights the complexity of determining the exact energy output and coal consumption rates for these early steam systems.
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I've been looking around for any hint of this kind of thing, for a story I'm planning to write, and while I can ignore discrepencies between, say, actual history and events in my story, my inner scientist won't let me ignore this!

The situation is as follows; imagine an early industrial revolution era steam boiler, like the ones used in early steam locomotives, burning coal found on and near the surface of the ground (lignite, sub-bituminious, not quite sure on that either). I can find the energy values of coal, and efficiencies of modern steam boilers, but nothing about old ones, so I would like to know is:

1. How much of the energy from the coal would actually reach the steam as useful kinetic energy?

2. How quickly do the boilers go through coal, and how much would they need to keep it burning for an hour without getting too hot or too cold?

These are complex questions, I know, which is why I need help with them!
 
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Hi Xodian-
Conventional coal fired utilities are about 10,000 BTU per kilowatt-hour output (about 32% efficiency). Some modern ones may be as low as 8,000 Btu per kilowatt-hour output. The major limit to maximum efficiency is thermodynamic; Carnot (Rankine) cycle. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine_cycle
Bob S
 
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