How Electric potential and potential difference work in batteries

[htttp]

How is electric potential manipulated in batteries? Why do some batteries have a rating of 1.5v and others have ratings of 1.25v? I'm not looking for the answer of "its the materials used in the chemical reaction" because I know that.WHAT DO THESE MATERIALS DO DIFFERENTLY TO THE PHYSICS OF THE BATTERY (charge, distance, work, etc. )? I've learned that electric potential and potential energy rely entirely on position. For example the formula from electric potential energy is F * d and force is (kQq)/d^2 meaning that potential energy is (kQq)/d. Does this mean that a battery that has its anodes and cathodes closer together has a higher voltage rating compared to one is very long?

Please answer in detail and again I don't want the "it's the materials used in the chemical reaction" answer to this question. That's not what I'm looking for because I already know that.

Thanks for your help.

 

[tiny-tim]

hi htttp!

… electric potential and potential energy rely entirely on position.

no, that's wrong

a battery with two electrodes in a fluid will have the same voltage (electric potential difference) no matter how far apart the electrodes are

 

[PhysicoRaj]

a battery that has its anodes and cathodes closer together has a higher voltage rating compared to one is very long?

Just try it yourself at home. Connect the terminals to conductors and make the battery long. Then measure the potential with a voltmeter

 

[PhysicoRaj]

Here's some detail:

WHAT DO THESE MATERIALS DO DIFFERENTLY TO THE PHYSICS OF THE BATTERY

The materials used in batteries are electrolytes(solid or liquid). You know They dissociate when dissolved, or in electric field. The ions thus formed carry charge to/from the electrodes. The capacity of carrying charge by ions varies with the material you have used to dissociate into ions. And also some materials dissociate quickly and some produce more ions.

 

[sardar]

Electric potential and potential difference are important concepts in understanding how batteries work. In a battery, chemical reactions take place that result in the separation of electric charges, creating a potential difference between the two terminals of the battery. This potential difference is what drives the flow of electrons through a circuit, providing the electrical energy needed to power devices.

The electric potential in a battery is manipulated through the materials used in the chemical reaction. Different materials have different properties, such as their ability to hold and release electrons, which affects the potential difference that can be created. For example, in a zinc-carbon battery, the zinc serves as the anode and the carbon rod serves as the cathode. The chemical reaction between these two materials results in the transfer of electrons, creating a potential difference.

The rating of a battery, such as 1.5v or 1.25v, is a measure of its potential difference. This potential difference is determined by the materials used in the battery and their ability to create a separation of charges. Batteries with a higher rating have a greater potential difference, meaning they can provide a stronger flow of electrons through a circuit.

The materials used in a battery also play a role in the physics of the battery. As you mentioned, electric potential energy relies on position, and the distance between the anode and cathode can affect the potential difference. In general, a battery with its anode and cathode closer together will have a higher voltage rating compared to one with a greater distance between them. This is because the closer the two terminals are, the stronger the electric field between them, resulting in a higher potential difference.

However, the distance between the anode and cathode is not the only factor that affects the potential difference in a battery. The type of materials used and their properties also play a significant role. For example, some materials have a higher tendency to lose or gain electrons, which can affect the potential difference created in a battery. Additionally, the design and construction of the battery can also impact the potential difference.

In summary, electric potential and potential difference in batteries are determined by the materials used in the chemical reaction. These materials have different properties that affect their ability to create a separation of charges and thus, the potential difference in the battery. The distance between the anode and cathode can also play a role, but it is not the sole factor in determining the potential difference.