The human eye can detect as few as 15 quanta (photons) of light, which is the minimum required to trigger an action potential in ganglion cells, according to "Sensory Systems: Anatomy and Physiology" by Aage R. Moller. Additionally, historical experiments have shown that a dark-adapted human eye can respond to just one quantum of radiation, indicating a remarkable sensitivity. The concept of "quantum efficiency" in the human eye is noted to be around 10%, suggesting that while the eye is more sensitive than photographic film, it has limited ability to integrate light over time. The discussion also touches on advancements in technology, such as CCDs, which have improved light detection capabilities. For further information, resources like the University of Utah's Webvision site are recommended.