To design a circuit for measuring RPM and torque from a fan, an external detector is necessary for accurate RPM readings. Power can be calculated using the formula Power = Torque * RPM, allowing for torque estimation if power or current is measured at a fixed voltage. Key details about the fan, such as its type, size, power, rated RPM, and application, are crucial for determining the appropriate measurement methods. Options include using strain gauges or a spring balance to measure torque directly, or employing optical devices for RPM measurement. Understanding the fan's motor type is also essential for selecting the right approach to measurement.