How to get 12 volts from electrical outlet?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the methods to obtain 12 volts from a standard electrical outlet for powering small LEDs in series. Participants explore the conversion from 120 V AC to 12 V, considering safety and technical requirements.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests using a 12V DC "wall wart" power supply as a safe and inexpensive option for converting voltage.
  • Another participant points out the difference between AC and DC, noting that while LEDs can work with both, the voltage ratings differ, and a 9V AC adapter may be more appropriate than a 12V DC adapter.
  • A participant emphasizes the importance of safety isolation between the mains and the circuit when using adapters.
  • Questions arise regarding the connection of the negative terminal in the series circuit and the implications of current levels when using AC voltage.
  • There is a discussion about the effect of AC voltage on LED brightness, highlighting that the current, rather than voltage, determines brightness and that adjustments to the series resistor may be necessary to maintain consistent brightness.
  • Participants clarify the peak voltage of AC and its implications for LED operation, noting that the current must be adjusted to prevent damage to the LEDs.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the appropriate voltage type (AC vs. DC) for powering LEDs, and there is no consensus on the best approach to safely connect the circuit.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention the need for safety isolation and the importance of understanding the differences between AC and DC voltage in relation to LED operation, but specific assumptions and definitions remain unresolved.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for individuals interested in electronics, particularly those looking to power LEDs from standard electrical outlets while considering safety and technical specifications.

ylzxu456
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Hi everyone,

I need to power up some small LEDs in series and I need about 12 V total. I can use an A23 12 V energizer battery to achieve this but I want to know if I can use an electrical outlet to do it. So I would need to go from about 120 V (standard North American output) down to 12 V. What is the best way of safely doing this?
 
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ylzxu456 said:
Hi everyone,

I need to power up some small LEDs in series and I need about 12 V total. I can use an A23 12 V energizer battery to achieve this but I want to know if I can use an electrical outlet to do it. So I would need to go from about 120 V (standard North American output) down to 12 V. What is the best way of safely doing this?

Welcome to the PF.

Just get a 12Vdc "wall wart" power supply. It already has the safety approvals, and they are relatively cheap.

DPA120200-P1P.jpg
 
Hello ylzxu and welocme to Physics Forums.

Do you realize that your batteries give 12V DC whilst the mains gives AC power?

Your LEDs will work from either but the voltages will be slightly different. You need 9V AC rather than 12 for the LEDs and to reduce the series resistor by 1.4 (divide by 1.4) to restore the current drawn to the same level and maintain the brightness.

Just to correct an oversight by Berkeman.

His text talks of a DC adapter, but the rating on the picture clearly states output : 12V AC.

You should check with your shop which one you are going to buy.

The 12V (DC) or 9V (AC) adapter is necessary to provide safety isolation between the mains and your circuit.

go well
 
Thanks for the replies guys.

Sorry for the stupid question, but where would I connect the negative terminal of the series circuit? I know the positive terminal connects to the adapter.

Also, with regards to what you (Studiot) said, could you possibly explain what you mean by "restore the current drawn to the same level."
 
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The connector on the output lead is usually ether the type shown in Berkeman's picture or the laptop/calculator type with a hollow barrel and metal on the inside and outside.

Either way the polarity of the connection should be marked on the plate of the adapter in as in the symbols on my (sorry it's so scruffy) sketch.

AC adapters don't have +ve and -negative and can be connected either way round so there is no polarity symbol on Berkeman's pic.

go well
 

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Thanks for the catch, Studiot! I neglected to look closely at the picture I snagged from Google Images. Glad you were paying attention!
 
Also, with regards to what you (Studiot) said, could you possibly explain what you mean by "restore the current drawn to the same level."

If you put too much voltage across a diode you can damage or destroy it. The peak voltage AC is 1.4 times the stated voltage. So the peak voltage of 9volts AC is 9*1.4 = 12.6 volts.

However with AC the voltage is only there for a short period per cycle, whilst the DC voltage is there all the time.

The brightness of an LED depends upon the current (not voltage).
The LED will actually pulse on and off 60 times a second with your AC.
You need to increase the current during the on time to maintain the brightness.
The current is controlled by the series resistor. That is its purpose.
To increase the current you need to decrease the resistor by the factor of 1.4.

Some LEDs have a built in resistor that you cannot alter.
 
Thanks for the catch, Studiot! I neglected to look closely at the picture I snagged from Google Images. Glad you were paying attention!

Too much pumping iron if you ask me.

:cool:
 
Thank you very much guys, I very much appreciate it.
 

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