Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem

In summary, the Inclusion-Exclusion principle can be used to find the number of ways to arrange the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 such that 1 is immediately followed by 2, or 3 is immediately followed by 4, or 5 is immediately followed by 6. This can be done by creating sets representing the desired arrangements and using the cardinality of these sets and their intersections in Bernoulli's formula.
  • #1
Samuel Williams
20
3
Use inclusion-exclusion to find the number of ways to arrange the six numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 such that
either 1 is immediately followed by 2, or 3 is immediately followed by 4, or 5 is immediately followed
by 6.

I believe that this can be solved using unions. By setting the sets to be the numbers, the union should give two numbers next to each other. For example, set A1 as 1 and A2 as 2, then the union would be the number 1,2. However, wouldn't this union also be 2,1?
 
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  • #2
No, to use the Inclusion-Exclusion principle, the sets you need to use are based on the three events described to you:
A1 = set of all arrangements in which 2 follows 1
A2 = set of all arrangements in which 4 follows 3
and A3 likewise.

You need to work out the cardinality (number of elements) of those three sets, and of the various intersections thereof used in Bernoulli's formula.
 

What is the "Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem"?

The Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem is a mathematical concept used to calculate the number of elements in a set that satisfy a certain condition. It is based on the idea that the total number of elements in a set can be found by adding the number of elements that satisfy each individual condition, subtracting the number of elements that satisfy the intersection of two conditions, and so on.

How is the "Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem" used in real life?

The Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem is used in various fields such as statistics, computer science, and economics. It can be used to calculate the probability of certain events, estimate the size of a population, or determine the number of possible outcomes in a game or experiment.

What are some common mistakes made when applying the "Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem"?

One common mistake is forgetting to subtract the number of elements that satisfy the intersection of two or more conditions. Another mistake is including elements that do not satisfy any of the conditions, resulting in an overestimation of the total number of elements in the set.

Can the "Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem" be applied to more than two conditions?

Yes, the Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem can be applied to any number of conditions. The formula for calculating the total number of elements in a set becomes more complex as the number of conditions increases, but the principle remains the same.

Is the "Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem" only applicable to finite sets?

No, the Inclusion-Exclusion principle problem can also be applied to infinite sets, as long as the conditions are well-defined. However, the calculations may become more complex and require advanced mathematical techniques.

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