Integration of trigonometric function

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SUMMARY

The forum discussion focuses on the integration of the trigonometric function represented by the integral \(\int \frac{\sin^2 x}{1+\cos^2 x} dx\). The recommended approach involves using double angle cosine formulas to transform the squared trigonometric functions into a rational function of \(\cos(2x)\). Additionally, the tangent half-angle substitution is suggested as a method to simplify the integral. The discussion emphasizes that partial fractions are not typically applicable to trigonometric integrals, and suggests using trigonometric identities, u-substitution, or integration by parts for effective integration.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of trigonometric identities, specifically double angle formulas
  • Familiarity with integration techniques such as u-substitution and integration by parts
  • Knowledge of tangent half-angle substitution
  • Basic concepts of rational functions and partial fractions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of double angle formulas in integration
  • Learn about tangent half-angle substitution in detail
  • Explore integration techniques including u-substitution and integration by parts
  • Review the limitations of partial fractions in the context of trigonometric functions
USEFUL FOR

Students studying calculus, particularly those focusing on integration techniques involving trigonometric functions, as well as educators seeking to enhance their teaching methods in this area.

Hashiramasenju
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Homework Statement


I have included the LaTex version of the problem.
[itex]\int \frac{sin^2 x}{1+cos^2 x} dx[/itex]

Homework Equations


Simplifying fraction
Partial fractions

The Attempt at a Solution


I have uploaded my attempt at the solution.
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I don't usually read handwritten solutions, and I never read ones printed sideways. Regarding your integral, I would suggest suggest using the double angle cosine formulas for your squared trig functions. This will give you a rational function of ##\cos(2x)##. Then the tangent half angle substitution will help you out. See:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_half-angle_substitution
 
Partial fractions and trig functions usually don't go together. Partial fractions are typically used to simplify rational expressions of a single variable.

For integrating rational expressions of trig functions, a typical approach is to simplify using a trig identity of some sort first, and then try to use either u-substitution or integration by parts, if those techniques might be useful.
 

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