Website security systems primarily rely on cryptography to protect data transmitted over the internet. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a key technology that facilitates secure communications by encrypting data. Most encryption techniques utilize asymmetrical key encryption for secure key exchanges, while protocols like IPsec employ symmetrical keys to encrypt the actual data payload. The Diffie-Hellman technique is commonly used for the secure exchange of these keys. Encryption standards are publicly available and continuously tested, with updates implemented as vulnerabilities are discovered, exemplified by the transition from MD5 to SHA-1 due to security breaches.