Finding Intersection and Tangent Lines of Parametric Curves | Step-by-Step Guide

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I need to find the point of intersection of the curves x^2 + y^2 =1, z= 0 and x=cost, y=sint, z=t. I plugged in the latter equation into the former and got (1,0,0) as an answer but I'm not exactly sure why that works, I can't visualize how plugging in the parts of a parametric equation will yield the point of intersection.

I also need to find the tangent lines to the curves at that point, and I'm not sure where to start.
 
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The two curves you have in the circle in the plane and a helix. You would expect that there is only one intersection point, and that will be at t=0.
 
Makes sense. How do I find the tangent line to a parametric curve in R3, though?
 
Differentiate with respect to t!
 
Prove $$\int\limits_0^{\sqrt2/4}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-x^2}}\arcsin\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)\left(x-1+x\sqrt{9-16x}\right)}{1-2x}} \, \mathrm dx = \frac{\pi^2}{8}.$$ Let $$I = \int\limits_0^{\sqrt 2 / 4}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-x^2}}\arcsin\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)\left(x-1+x\sqrt{9-16x}\right)}{1-2x}} \, \mathrm dx. \tag{1}$$ The representation integral of ##\arcsin## is $$\arcsin u = \int\limits_{0}^{1} \frac{\mathrm dt}{\sqrt{1-t^2}}, \qquad 0 \leqslant u \leqslant 1.$$ Plugging identity above into ##(1)## with ##u...
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