Galileo said:
I don't think I understand the question correctly.
You said if you combine the number of balls from two equally sized tetrahedral pyramids and add 20, then you have the number of balls needed to make a pyramid one size larger.
The number of balls needed for a pyramid of size n is:
\sum_{i=0}^ni^2=\frac{1}{6}n(n+1)(2n+1)
so the equation to solve is:
2\frac{1}{6}n(n+1)(2n+1)+20=\frac{1}{6}(n+1)(n+2)(2n+2)
to find the size of the smaller pyramids.
But it has no integer solutions...
Possibly, my picture of making pyramids with golfballs is wrong.
Stacking them like this will not make them tetrahedral, but I don't see any other way to do it.
The question is simply, "What 2 dissimilar tetrahdra (built from balls) can be combined to make a new tetrahedron, using exactly the number of balls contained in the smaller ones ?"
The case of 20 balls would be a solution were this question lacking the word 'dissimilar'. It has nothing to do with the current question.
Next, a tetrahedral number of height n, is the sum of the first n triangular numbers, and so, should be given by the sum
\sum_{i=0}^n{i(i+1)/2}=\frac{1}{12}n(n+1)(2n+1) + \frac {n(n+1)}{4}
Triangular numbers are : 1,3,6,10,15,21,28,...
Tetrahedral numbers are : 1,4,10,20,35,56,84,120,...
We are looking for 2 different Tet. Numbers that add to give a third one.