Undergrad EM Lagrangian: Question on $(\partial_\mu A^\mu)^2$ Term

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the electromagnetic (EM) Lagrangian, specifically the term $(\partial_\mu A^\mu)^2$. The EM Lagrangian is defined as $$\mathcal{L} = -\frac{1}{2}[(\partial_\mu A_\nu)(\partial^\mu A^\nu) - (\partial_\mu A^\mu)^2]$$ as presented in the QFT notes by Tong. The term $(\partial_\mu A^\mu)^2$ arises through integration by parts, emphasizing that the action, rather than the Lagrangian density, is the focal point of the analysis. The clarification provided resolves the initial confusion regarding the derivation of this term.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Lagrangian mechanics
  • Familiarity with quantum field theory (QFT)
  • Knowledge of vector calculus and partial derivatives
  • Experience with integration techniques in theoretical physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the EM Lagrangian in detail
  • Learn about integration by parts in the context of field theory
  • Explore the implications of the action principle in quantum field theory
  • Investigate the role of gauge invariance in electromagnetic theory
USEFUL FOR

The discussion is beneficial for theoretical physicists, particularly those focused on quantum field theory, as well as students seeking to deepen their understanding of the electromagnetic Lagrangian and its derivations.

-marko-
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The EM Lagrangian is
$$\mathcal{L} = -\frac{1}{2}[(\partial_\mu A_\nu)(\partial^\mu A^\nu) - (\partial_\mu A_\nu)(\partial^\nu A^\mu)]$$

In the QFT notes from Tong the EM Lagrangian is written in the form
$$\mathcal{L} = -\frac{1}{2}[(\partial_\mu A_\nu)(\partial^\mu A^\nu) - (\partial_\mu A^\mu)^2]$$

I don't see how did he get ##(\partial_\mu A^\mu)^2## term? Thanks :)
 
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Integration by parts. What is relevant is not the Lagrangian density, but the action.
 
Orodruin said:
Integration by parts. What is relevant is not the Lagrangian density, but the action.
Many thanks, it's clear now.
 
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