Laser signal input for PDH lock

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the integration of a laser signal input for Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) locking, specifically addressing the challenge of sending both a modulation frequency and an error feedback signal through a single input. Participants explore potential methods for combining these signals and the implications for servo electronics.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the feasibility of sending both a modulation signal and an error signal through a single laser input, questioning whether they can be combined before input.
  • Another participant suggests that if the error signal is a low-frequency DC referenced signal and the modulation signal is a higher frequency AC signal, they might be combined using a resistor and capacitor.
  • A later reply confirms that the servo electronics should ideally subtract the modulation signal from the overall signal, depending on the electronics' design.
  • It is mentioned that a lock-in amplifier could be used to implement PDH, allowing for effective band-pass filtering of the signal, which may help the servo ignore other frequencies.
  • One participant introduces the term "bias-tee" for the resistor-capacitor circuit that combines DC and AC signals.
  • There is a discussion about the role of the heterodyne detection circuit in filtering out the modulation from the error signal, with a low-pass filter ensuring the servo does not receive the modulation signal.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of confidence regarding the ability of servo electronics to handle the modulation signal appropriately. While some believe the electronics will manage this automatically, others emphasize the need for specific circuit designs to ensure proper signal separation. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact implementation details and effectiveness of the proposed solutions.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions about the bandwidth of the servo error signal and the center frequency of the modulation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods may depend on specific electronic configurations and components used.

kelly0303
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Hello! I have a laser with only one input for external signals. Currently I use that to send the error feedback signal when I measure the power transmission from my cavity (not using PDH). If I want to use PDH, I would need to modulate the laser frequency, which means that I need to send to the laser both this frequency at which I modulate, but also the error signal. Is it possible to do that i.e. send 2 signals through the same input to the laser (can I combine them somehow before sending them to the laser)? Or do I need to use an EOM (or drive my laser at the dither frequency and send the error signal to a piezo attached to a mirror)? Thank you!
 
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If the error signal is a DC referenced signal with low frequency components, and the modulation signal is a higher frequency AC signal, then you might simply combine them with a simple resistor and a capacitor to the input.
 
yes
 
Baluncore said:
If the error signal is a DC referenced signal with low frequency components, and the modulation signal is a higher frequency AC signal, then you might simply combine them with a simple resistor and a capacitor to the input.
Thank you for the reply! I really don't know much about the topic so in the situation you specified, how would the servo controller know which signal is which. As I understand, you lock to the derivative of the signal, such that the slope at the point you lock is zero. But if on top of that you have the modulation signal, the error signal will be zero plus some error (which the servo should correct for) plus the modulation signal. Are the electronics of the servo automatically subtracting this modulation signal from the overall signal, without me having to do anything?
 
kelly0303 said:
Are the electronics of the servo automatically subtracting this modulation signal from the overall signal, without me having to do anything?
Hopefully, yes. The servo will employ a low pass filter that should attenuate the modulation. Where the error signal is from a synchronous detector, there will be greater separation of the servo and modulation.
To be more specific we need some idea of the bandwidth of the servo error signal, and the centre frequency of the modulation or carrier.
 
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kelly0303 said:
Thank you for the reply! I really don't know much about the topic so in the situation you specified, how would the servo controller know which signal is which. As I understand, you lock to the derivative of the signal, such that the slope at the point you lock is zero. But if on top of that you have the modulation signal, the error signal will be zero plus some error (which the servo should correct for) plus the modulation signal. Are the electronics of the servo automatically subtracting this modulation signal from the overall signal, without me having to do anything?
Yes, it should.
How well it will work depends on the electronics. It is possible to implement a PDH using a lock-in amplifier; in which case you are efficiently band-pass filtering the signal meaning the servo should more or less ignore what is happening at other frequencies; you can even do "double PDH" using this method where you have two loops going at once.
 
The fancy name for the resistor-capacitor circuit Baluncore mentioned is a bias-tee. It let's you add together a DC signal (servo output) and an AC signal (modulation).

kelly0303 said:
Are the electronics of the servo automatically subtracting this modulation signal from the overall signal, without me having to do anything?
Baluncore said:
The servo will employ a low pass filter that should attenuate the modulation.
If you are doing PDH, it's not the servo but the heterodyne detection circuit that filters out the modulation from the error signal. There will be a lowpass filter after your mixer which will ensure that the servo never sees the modulation signal. I attached a quick sketch of the situation. The lowpass filter should reject the local oscillator frequency.
pdh_sketch.png
 
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