Challenge Math Challenge - March 2019

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The Math Challenge - March 2019 discussion covers various mathematical problems and their solutions. Key topics include proving the relationship between the Beta and Gamma functions using double integrals, demonstrating that the Fourier series of an even function lacks sine terms, and exploring properties of a defined algebra related to eye color probabilities. Several problems remain open, including proving that the algebra is baric and determining its ideal structure. The forum participants engage in detailed mathematical proofs and discussions, showcasing a collaborative approach to solving complex problems.
  • #91
wow! holy-choochoo! I didn't think of adding the exponents!

well done! thank you!

so the first term is really 2, not sqrt(2)... huh... I guess I'm not graduating to Ant-Padawan level 2 at all! oh no!
 
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  • #92
fbs7 said:
wow! holy-choochoo! I didn't think of adding the exponents!
This is not really true. You took the logarithm of an assumed limit and did exactly this: added the exponents - now a floor below, which made a better typeset.
 
  • #93
a-ha! thank you! so I'm calling myself Ant-Padawn Level 1 1/2.. no... 1 1/3

And I used what you advised about Polynomial Division... errr... Thingie.. that was very smart!
 
  • #94
On Yoda-level Question 4:

The question is beyond my level, but I'm trying to at least understand the item (a); I'm probably not reading the notation correctly, though:

##x*(y*z) = x*(1/2y+1/2z) = 1/2(x*y)+1/2(x*z) =##
##1/2(1/2x+3/8y+1/8z) + 1/2(1/2x+1/2z) =##
##1/2x + 3/16y+5/16z##

##(x*y)*z = (1/2x+3/8y+1/8z)*z =1/2(x*z)+3/8(y*z)+1/8(z*z) =##
##1/2(1/2x+1/2z) + 3/8(1/2y+1/2z) + 1/8(z) =##
##1/4x+3/16y+9/16z##

It doesn't seem to be associative, so I'm making some mistake. Tried as I could, still can't see my mistake.
 
  • #95
fbs7 said:
On Yoda-level Question 4:

The question is beyond my level, but I'm trying to at least understand the item (a); I'm probably not reading the notation correctly, though:

##x*(y*z) = x*(1/2y+1/2z) = 1/2(x*y)+1/2(x*z) =##
##1/2(1/2x+3/8y+1/8z) + 1/2(1/2x+1/2z) =##
##1/2x + 3/16y+5/16z##

##(x*y)*z = (1/2x+3/8y+1/8z)*z =1/2(x*z)+3/8(y*z)+1/8(z*z) =##
##1/2(1/2x+1/2z) + 3/8(1/2y+1/2z) + 1/8(z) =##
##1/4x+3/16y+9/16z##

It doesn't seem to be associative, ...
Correct.
... so ...
Wrong.
... I'm making some mistake. Tried as I could, still can't see my mistake.
Me neither. Why do you expect associativity? It is an example for a non associative multiplication, i.e. a non associative algebra. Lie algebras or the Octonians are other prominent examples of non associative algebras. Both play important roles in physics, the former a bit more than the latter.
 
  • #96
Oh, good Lord! I was trying to find a way to prove that was associative, instead of answering if that was associative or not! I'm such an idiot.

By the way, I came with a property of an algebra A on vectors over a basis ##x_i## such that

##x_i*x_j = l_{ijk}*x_k##

that would make it associative; without taking much space, for three vectors u, v, w in Einstein's notation:

##u = u_i*x_i; v = v_i*x_i; w = w_i*x_i; ##

then ##u*(v*w) = (u*v)*w## makes ##u_a*x_a*(v_b*x_b*w_c*x_c) = (u_d*x_d*v_e*x_e*w_e)*w_f*x_f##

as ##u_?, v_?, w_?## are all free variables, then ##d=a, e=b, f=c##, and ## x_a*(x_b*x_c)=(x_a*x_b)*x_c##, that is the algebra is associative if the multiplication of the basis is associative; then, replacing with the expression for multiplication of the basis:

##x_a*(x_b*x_c) = x_a*(l_{bcg}*x_g) = l_{bcg}*x_a*x_g = l_{bcg}*l_{agh}*x_h##
##(x_a*x_b)*x_c = (l_{abi}*x_i)*x_c = l_{abi}*x_i*x_c = l_{abi}*l_{icj}*x_j##

as ##x_h## and ##x_j## are independent (that is, I assume they are independent), then ##h=j##; then, eliminating ##x_h## and renaming ##i=g## and ##d=h## to make it more readable,

##l_{abi}*l_{icd} = l_{bci} * l_{aid}## for any ##a, b, c, d##

And that's where my skill ends; now, question on that... this seems like a tensor operation of some kind, is that true? That is, is ##l_{ijk}## a 3-tensor, and the expression above is a tensor operation of some kind?
 
Last edited:
  • #97
Every bilinear multiplication can be written as a tensor. See the example of Strassen's algorithm here:
https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/what-is-a-tensor/
which is an example how matrix multiplication is written as a tensor.

As long as you do not put any additional restraints on ##l_{ijk}## as in the case of genetic algebras (or any other class of algebras), as long do you have an arbitrary algebra.
 
  • #98
Thank you!
 

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