A conservative force conserves mechanical energy, meaning the work done is independent of the path taken between two points. Examples of conservative forces include gravity and spring forces, while non-conservative forces include friction and tension. In conservative fields, such as gravity, potential energy can be calculated using the formula mgh, and the energy remains constant regardless of the object's path. Non-conservative forces, on the other hand, do not allow for energy recovery, leading to energy loss in the system. Overall, the key distinction lies in the ability of conservative forces to maintain energy balance in closed paths.