Parameters of a non-standard second-order transfer function

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the analysis of a non-standard second-order transfer function, specifically G(s) = (2s + 1)/(s² + 2s + 5). The natural frequency is determined to be 2 rad/sec, and the damping ratio is -1. The linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) derived from the transfer function is 2x'(t) + x(t) = y''(t) + 2y'(t) + 5y(t). The homogenous solution is expressed as y_h(t) = e^(-t)(A₁ cos(2t) + B₁ sin(2t)), confirming the behavior of the system.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of transfer functions in control systems
  • Familiarity with Laplace transforms
  • Knowledge of solving linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
  • Concept of damping ratio and natural frequency
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of transfer functions from linear ODEs
  • Learn about the implications of damping ratios in system stability
  • Explore the inverse Laplace transform techniques for system analysis
  • Investigate the differences between G(s) and H(s) in control theory
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Control system engineers, students studying dynamic systems, and anyone involved in the analysis and design of second-order systems will benefit from this discussion.

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For a standard second-order system, its transfer function is G(s) = ω2/(s2 + 2ζω + ω2) where ω is the natural frequency and ζ is the damping ratio.

But for a non-standard second-order transfer function, G(s) = (2s + 1)/(s2 + 2s + 5), what are its natural frequency and damping ratio? Thank you!
 
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Hello.

$$ \textbf{Going back to the linear ODE from its transfer function} $$
The transfer function here:
$$ G(s) = \dfrac{2s + 1}{ s^{2} + 2s + 5} $$
Use the laplace transform properties of differentiation, and the definition of the transfer function itself to do the above step. The transfer function is the ratio of the output over input when the input is the dirac pulse.
This describes the linear ODE:
$$ 2 x'(t) + x(t) = y''(t) + 2y'(t) + 5y(t) \tag{System} $$
Solve for this ODES homogenous response, setting $$ x(t) = 0 $$
$$ y'' + 2y' + 5y(t) = 0 $$
Using the standard method for solving such ODES, the quadratic equation and the roots, yields a complex solution: $$ z_{1, 2} = -1 \pm 2j $$ Our homogenous solution would then be: $$ y_{h}(t) = e^{-t} \cdot \Big ( A_{1} \cos(2t) + B_{1} \sin(2t) \Big) \tag{Damped sinusoidal excitation} $$
This can be expressed in one sinusoid (using addition by complex numbers):
$$ y_{h}(t) = e^{-t} \cdot \Big ( {\sqrt{A_{1}^{2} + B_{1}^{2} } } \cdot \cos(2t - \phi_{1} )) \Big) \,\,\,\,A_{1}, B_{1} \in \mathbb{R} \tag{Damped sinusoidal excitation} $$
Where:
$$ \phi_{1} = \text{Arg}\Big[ A_{1} - j B_{1} \Big] $$
So, the damping ratio would be -1 the natural frequency:
$$ 2 \,\,\,\, \dfrac{ \text{Rad} }{ \text{Sec} } $$
You can take the inverse laplace transform of G(s) and see for yourself:
$$
G(s) \rightarrow g(t) = 2e^{-t} \cos(2t) - \dfrac{1}{2} e^{-t} \sin(t)
$$
$$
g(t) = y_{h}(t)= \dfrac{\sqrt{17}e^{-t} }{2} \cos(2t - \arctan(0.25) )
$$
$$ \text{The inverse laplace transform of a systems transfer function is the homogenous solution of that systems ODE} $$
$$ \textbf{My questions, please see } $$
I am not 100 percent sure if my solution is correct. Can you please confirm? If possible, later you can suggest an alternative path too. secondly why is the transfer function denoted G(s) ? It is usually denoted H(s) (impulse response) where G(s) is the unit step response.
 
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