Periodic Motion: Explaining Resolving into Oscillatory Components

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the concept of resolving periodic motion into oscillatory components, specifically in the context of the Earth's motion. Participants explore the theoretical framework behind this idea, including references to mathematical methods such as Fourier Series.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks clarification on the statement from their textbook regarding the resolution of periodic motion into simple oscillatory components.
  • Another participant introduces the concept of Fourier Series as a method for decomposing periodic functions into sums of sines and cosines, suggesting its application to the periodic motion of the Earth.
  • A third participant provides examples of simple periodic motion, such as pendulum motion and Hooke's Law, while also mentioning planetary motion described by Kepler's laws.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present various perspectives on the topic, with no consensus reached on the application of Fourier Series to the Earth's motion or the specifics of resolving periodic motion.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not clarify the assumptions underlying the application of Fourier Series to the Earth's motion, nor does it resolve the complexities involved in defining periodic motion in different contexts.

PrincePhoenix
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According to our textbook "..every periodic motion, however complicated it may be, can always be resolved into simple oscillatory components." Can someone explain this? How can the periodic motion of Earth be resolved into oscillatory components?
 
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Hey PrincePhoenix,

I believe what your textbook is referring to is the idea of a Fourier Series. The mathematician and physicist derived a method with which it is possible to decompose any periodic function to a sum of basic periodic functions, namely sines and cosines. By manipulating the amplitudes of several (often infinite) sines and cosines, it is possible to construct the desired function.

To learn more about the actual computation of the series, just search the web for Fourier series and harmonic analysis.

http://mathworld.wolfram.com/FourierSeries.htmlAs far as the periodic motion of the Earth goes, if you can come up with a clean equation for the forces acting on it, it is possible to derive the periodicity of the Earth's motion. Using Fourier, I assume you would be able to decompose this into a form of an infinite sum of sines and cosines.

Hope this helps a bit!
 
Thanks.
 
Simple periodic motion is usually described as being like the motion of a pendulum in a gravitational field, or Hookes Law for a spring
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke's_law
where the restoring force is (nearly) proportional to the displacement from the center.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke's_law
But the planetary motion around the Sun is also periodic, and is described by Kepler's laws.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion

Bob S
 

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