The main variables that affect photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, water availability, and chlorophyll concentration.
Light intensity is directly proportional to the rate of photosynthesis. As light intensity increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis. However, beyond a certain point, the rate of photosynthesis levels off as the plant reaches its maximum capacity.
Carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis as it is the source of carbon atoms used to create glucose, the main product of photosynthesis. Without carbon dioxide, plants cannot produce the necessary energy to survive.
The ideal temperature for photosynthesis varies among different types of plants, but generally falls between 68-86 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures outside of this range can limit the rate of photosynthesis and potentially damage the plant's enzymes.
Water is a crucial component in photosynthesis as it is used to transport nutrients and maintain the plant's structure. Without enough water, plants cannot perform photosynthesis efficiently, and may even wilt or die. However, excessive water can also be detrimental as it can limit the exchange of gases necessary for photosynthesis to occur.