Independent research in the mathematics of trading will focus on Markov Chains, Brownian motion models, mean reversion models, and regime switching. Brownian motion, while initially likened to bacterial movement, is relevant for understanding trader probabilities and market behaviors, though it involves significant uncertainty. Derivatives hedging is crucial due to the substantial capital involved in investment profiles, which are statistically analyzed for profitability. The discussion highlights the importance of resources for studying these models, particularly in relation to derivatives. Finding course notes or relevant materials is essential for advancing this research.