Points where tangent line touches 2 circles

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SUMMARY

The discussion revolves around finding the points where a tangent line with a positive slope touches two circles defined by the equations y² + x² = 1 and y² + (x - 3)² = 4. The derivatives for the first and second circles are established as y' = -x/y and y' = (-2x + 6)/(2y), respectively. Participants suggest using the tangent line equation y = mx + c and substituting it into the circle equations to derive a quadratic form ax² + bx + c = 0, ensuring that the discriminant b² - 4ac = 0 for tangency. This method will yield two equations in terms of m and c, leading to the solution.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of implicit differentiation
  • Familiarity with the concept of tangents to curves
  • Knowledge of quadratic equations and their discriminants
  • Basic algebraic manipulation skills
NEXT STEPS
  • Practice implicit differentiation on various functions
  • Study the properties of tangents and normals to circles
  • Explore solving quadratic equations and analyzing their discriminants
  • Investigate the geometric interpretation of tangents in coordinate geometry
USEFUL FOR

Students studying calculus, particularly those focusing on derivatives and tangents, as well as educators seeking to enhance their teaching methods for geometric concepts involving circles.

madgab89
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Homework Statement


On the circles y^2+x^2=1 and y^2+(x-3)^2=4
There is a line with positive slope that is tangent to both circles. Determine the points at which this tangent touches each circle.

Homework Equations


the derivative of the first circle i found:
y'=-x/y

the derivative of the second cirlce I found:
y'=-2x+6/2y

and also
x^2+y^2=1


The Attempt at a Solution



so I have these equations for slopes:
-x1/y1

-2x2+6/2y2

y2-y1/x2-x1

Now where do I go from here, can someone get me started with the rearranging or whatever?
 
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What I think you should do is put the tangent as y=mx+c, then solve this with y^2+x^2=1, and when you simplify it into the form ax^2+bx+c=0, b^2-4ac=0 since it is a tangent. Then do the same with y^2+(x-3)^2=4 and you will get two equations in m and c.
 
madgab89 said:

Homework Statement


On the circles y^2+x^2=1 and y^2+(x-3)^2=4
There is a line with positive slope that is tangent to both circles. Determine the points at which this tangent touches each circle.

Homework Equations


the derivative of the first circle i found:
y'=-x/y

the derivative of the second cirlce I found:
y'=-2x+6/2y

and also
x^2+y^2=1

The Attempt at a Solution



so I have these equations for slopes:
-x1/y1

-2x2+6/2y2

y2-y1/x2-x1

Now where do I go from here, can someone get me started with the rearranging or whatever?

I think the main problem is that you haven't written down any equations yet. Those are expressions, not equations. Put in some equal signs. Do you want to say that all of those are equal to the unknown slope m?
 

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