In a parallel circuit, the potential difference (pd) across each component is the same because each component is directly connected to the voltage source, allowing for multiple paths for current. In contrast, in a series circuit, the total potential difference is divided among the components, as the same current flows through each one, leading to a drop in voltage across each. The applied potential difference by a cell indicates the energy per unit charge provided to the circuit. Understanding these principles is essential for grasping how electrical circuits function. Further clarification can be sought if needed after reviewing foundational resources.
