Proof of Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality

barksdalemc
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I have a homework problem in which I have to prove the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. I tried to do it by induction, but when I try to do summation to 2, I get a mess of terms. The professor hinted that one can use the fact that geometric means are less than or equal the arithmetic mean, but I can't seem get past just that hint. Should I continue trying induction or am going down the wrong road?
 
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The slick way is to look at the inner product of x+a*y with itself, where x,y are vectors and a is a scalar. This must be positive for all a, and picking the right a will give you the result.
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...

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