Proving that there exists a solution to ##f(x+\frac1n)-f(x)=0##

  • Thread starter Thread starter archaic
  • Start date Start date
Click For Summary

Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around proving the existence of a solution to the equation \( f(x+\frac{1}{n}) - f(x) = 0 \). The context involves the properties of continuous functions and the application of the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT).

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants explore the implications of defining \( h(x) = f(x+\frac{1}{n}) - f(x) \) and discuss the conditions under which the sum of function values leads to a zero result. There is a consideration of using contradiction and limits to approach the problem.

Discussion Status

Some participants have suggested specific functions, such as \( f(x) = 2 \), to illustrate potential solutions. Others have noted the necessity of having both non-negative and non-positive terms in the sum to apply the IVT, indicating a productive exploration of the problem's requirements.

Contextual Notes

There are references to continuity and boundary conditions, particularly the relationship \( f(0) = f(1) \), which are central to the discussion. Some participants express uncertainty about the implications of their reasoning, particularly regarding limits and contradictions.

archaic
Messages
688
Reaction score
214
Homework Statement
Given ##f:[0,1]\to\mathbb R## which is continuous, ##f(0)=f(1)##, and ##n\in\mathbb N^*## (doesn't include ##0##), show that ##f(x+\frac1n)-f(x)=0## has a solution.
Relevant Equations
.
This was shown to me by an acquaintance who told me that if we consider ##h(x)=f(x+\frac1n)-f(x)##, then the fact that ##\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}f(\frac kn+\frac1n)-f(\frac kn)=0## somehow tells us that there are two opposite terms in that sum, and, as such, we can apply the IVT to ##h(x)##.

Clearly the sum is null because it is in the form ##f(1) + (f(a)-f(a)\text{ same argument a})+(f(b)-f(b)\text{ same argument b})+...-f(0)## and ##f(1)=f(0)##, not because there somehow exists two different in argument terms that cancel ##f(a)+f(b)=0##.
In either case, we require a ##h(a)## and a ##h(b)## such that ##h(a)h(b)<0##, not that but with ##f##.

But, from what I have understood, this is the correction given by their professor, so maybe I am missing something?

EDIT: Ignore the following nonsense. o:)
I thought of going about it by contradiction, but the use of a limit leaves me undecided as to whether this counts as a solution.
The negative of the proposition is ##\exists n\in\mathbb N^*\,|\,\forall x\in\mathbb R,\,f(x+\frac1n)-f(x)\neq0##, i.e ##f(x+\frac1n)<f(x)## or ##>##. In both cases, if we take ##n\to\infty##, we get an impossible inequality.

Any comments? Thank you!
 
Last edited:
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Delta2
Physics news on Phys.org
What about ##f(x) = 2## for ##x \in [0, 1]##? f is continuous and f(0) = f(1).
 
Mark44 said:
What about ##f(x) = 2## for ##x \in [0, 1]##? f is continuous and f(0) = f(1).

Isn't every ##x \in [0, 1- \frac{1}{n} ]## a solution for that example?
 
You know that the sum must have a non-negative term and a non-positive term for it to be zero. This means that the function ##h(x)=f(x+1/n)-f(x)## is somewhere non-negative and somewhere non-positive. By IVT, this means that it is somewhere zero.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Delta2 and etotheipi
Infrared said:
You know that the sum must have a non-negative term and a non-positive term for it to be zero. This means that the function ##h(x)=f(x+1/n)-f(x)## is somewhere non-negative and somewhere non-positive. By IVT, this means that it is somewhere zero.
Yes.. I got that as I was going to sleep. It's so obvious, I don't know what happened.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 20 ·
Replies
20
Views
3K
  • · Replies 13 ·
Replies
13
Views
2K
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
1K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K