Quadrupole tensor for spherical star (schutz ch9q28))

Homework Statement

28. Calculate the quadrupole tensor $I_{jk}$ and its traceless counterpart $\overline{I}_{jk}$ (Eq. (9.78)) for the following mass distributions.
(a) A spherical star whose density is $\rho(r, t)$. Take the origin of the coordinates in Eq. (9.73) to be the center of the star.

Homework Equations

(9.78)
$$I^{jk}=\int T^{00}x^ix^jd^3x$$

(9.73)
$$\overline{I}_{jk}=I_{jk}-\frac{1}{3}\delta_{jk}I^l_l$$

The Attempt at a Solution

Well, first of all $T^{00}=\rho$
so 9.78 becomes
$$I^{jk}=\int \rho(r,t)x^ix^jd^3x$$
and then it should just be a simple case of integrating using spherical polars....right?

so for $I^{11}$ I should have
$$I^{11}=\int^r_0\int^{2\pi}_0\int^{\pi}_0 \rho(r,t)r^2 r^2sin\theta d\theta d\phi dr$$
$$=\int^r_0\int^{2\pi}_0 2 \rho(r,t)r^4 d\phi dr$$
$$=\int^r_0 4\pi \rho(r,t)r^4dr$$
$$=4\pi \int^r_0 \rho(r,t)r^4 dr$$

and to me all seems to have gone well, but the answer in the back of the book is
$$=\frac{4\pi}{3} \delta^{ij} \int^r_0 \rho(r,t)r^4 dr$$

which is close, but not the same. If I look at other components of I they are nothing like this at all! even the components with different j & k don't vanish!

I'm obviously completely misunderstanding something here....

dx
Homework Helper
Gold Member
When you change to spherical coordinates, x1x1 will become r2sin2(θ)cos2(φ), not r2.

dx
Homework Helper
Gold Member
Just to clarify a little bit, x1 = x = r⋅sin(θ)cos(φ), so x1x1 = [r⋅sin(θ)cos(φ)]2.

The transformation equations from Cartesian to spherical are

x = r⋅sin(θ)cos(φ)
y = r⋅sin(θ)sin(φ)
z = r⋅cos(θ)

Oh dear..... yes you are right...
how silly of me
Thanks dx.