Resonant lengths for closed and open air columns follow specific mathematical patterns applicable to musical instruments. For closed-ended columns, the formula is Ln = (2n-1)Vf/4, while for open-ended columns, it is Ln = nv/2f. Here, Ln represents the resonant length, n is the harmonic number, v is the speed of sound in the medium, and f is the frequency of the sound wave. The speed of sound in air can be calculated using the formula v = 331.3 + 0.606*(temperature in degrees Celsius). Understanding these formulas is essential for analyzing sound behavior in different column types.