Sonoluminescence refers to the phenomenon where small bubbles emit light when subjected to sound waves, with the emitted light pulses being extremely brief. The temperature inside these bubbles is theorized to be high enough to potentially facilitate nuclear fusion, although no successful experiments have confirmed this. Professor Rusi Taleyarkhan claimed to have achieved nuclear fusion through sonoluminescence by detecting neutrons, but his findings have been challenged due to the possibility of misattributing neutron detection to his original neutron source. Critics argue that his methodology lacked rigor, particularly in using a neutron source to create the bubbles. Overall, the concept of sonoluminescence initiating nuclear fusion remains largely unproven.