Charge flows to the outer spherical shell due to the principle of electrostatic equilibrium. This principle states that charges will distribute themselves on a conductive surface in such a way that the electric field inside the conductor is zero. As a result, any excess charge will move to the outer surface of the conductor, which in this case is the outer spherical shell.
The amount of charge that flows to the outer spherical shell is determined by the charge distribution on the inner conductor and the geometry of the system. This includes the radius and separation of the two conductors, as well as the amount and distribution of charge on the inner conductor.
No, charge cannot flow to the outer spherical shell in a non-conductive material. This is because non-conductive materials, also known as insulators, do not allow the free movement of electrons. Therefore, any excess charge will remain on the inner conductor and will not distribute itself on the surface of the insulator.
The presence of other conductors or charges in the vicinity can affect the flow of charge to the outer spherical shell. This is because these conductors or charges can create an electric field that can influence the distribution of charge on the inner conductor and therefore affect the amount of charge that flows to the outer shell.
The flow of charge to the outer spherical shell is a continuous process until electrostatic equilibrium is reached. Once the charges have distributed themselves in such a way that the electric field inside the conductor is zero, there will be no further flow of charge to the outer shell. This process can happen quickly or slowly, depending on the geometry and charge distribution of the system.