Stainless steel as ferromagnetic or non/paramagnetic

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the magnetic properties of different types of stainless steel, specifically exploring why some are ferromagnetic while others are non-magnetic or paramagnetic. It includes theoretical considerations and material properties related to the crystal structures of various stainless steel grades.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that martensitic, duplex, and ferritic stainless steels are magnetic, while austenitic stainless steel is usually non-magnetic.
  • One participant mentions that fridge magnets work on martensitic stainless steel used in "white goods," suggesting a practical application of its magnetic properties.
  • There is a claim that cutting or grinding stainless steel can alter its local magnetic properties.
  • Participants discuss the crystal structures of different stainless steels, with martensitic and ferritic having bct/bcc structures, while austenitic typically has an fcc structure, which is associated with its non-magnetic properties.
  • Some participants propose that the presence of elements like Ni and Mn in austenitic stainless steel stabilizes the austenite phase and contributes to its non-magnetic nature.
  • There is mention of the significance of chromium content in stainless steel, which contributes to its corrosion resistance and may influence its magnetic properties.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the classification of stainless steels based on their magnetic properties, but there are nuances regarding the influence of composition and processing on these properties that remain contested.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not resolve the complexities of how different compositions and processing methods affect the magnetic properties of stainless steel, nor does it clarify the extent to which these factors interact.

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TL;DR
this stainless steel ferromagnetic while that one is non/paramagnetic ?
Why is this stainless steel ferromagnetic while that one is non/paramagnetic, how's each proportion of them and what's its key difference that'd determines such the distinction?
 
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Martensitic, duplex and ferritic stainless steels are magnetic, while austenitic stainless steel is usually non-magnetic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel#Magnetism

Fridge magnets work on the stainless steel used to make "white goods" because it is martensitic.

If you cut or grind stainless steel, it will often change its local magnetic properties.
 
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Baluncore said:
Martensitic, duplex and ferritic stainless steels are magnetic, while austenitic stainless steel is usually non-magnetic.

Martensitic and ferritic stainless steels have bct/bcc and bcc crystal structure, respectively, while duplex, as the term implies, has two crystal structures, which could be ferritic-martensitic (F/M), austenitic-ferritic, or austenitic-martensitic. Non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel (usually with a fair amount of Ni and Mn, which are austenite stabilizers) has an fcc crystal structure. The more bcc in an fcc matrix, the more magnetic a stainless steel.

The significance of stainless is the Cr content, which allows a steel to become stainless through the formation of a stable chromia (Cr2O3) film on the surface, which prevents or retards further oxidation/corrosion.
 
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