Stokes' Theorem formula question

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To break down dS into dA, it is essential to parameterize the surface S using u and v, leading to the expression dS = |R_u × R_v| dudv. The normal vector n is defined as grad f divided by its magnitude, and dS can be expressed in terms of the magnitude of the gradient. The formula can be represented as a double integral over region D, incorporating curl F and grad f. The parameterization allows for expressing the surface integral in terms of u and v with specific limits. Understanding these relationships clarifies the application of Stokes' Theorem in vector calculus.
aimee3
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I was wondering, how you break down dS to something with dA? I know that dS is equal to ndS. The n is equal to grad f / (magnitude of grad f) and the dS is equal to the same as the magnitude of grad f right? So is the formula the same as double integral of region D (curl F * grad f) dA?
 
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I don't know what f is (as opposed to F), but yes, that should be it.
(A comes from area, while S comes from surface - it is basically the same)
 
aimee3 said:
eq0002M.gif


I was wondering, how you break down dS to something with dA? I know that dS is equal to ndS. The n is equal to grad f / (magnitude of grad f) and the dS is equal to the same as the magnitude of grad f right? So is the formula the same as double integral of region D (curl F * grad f) dA?

Let's say you parameterize your surface S in terms of u and v as

\vec R = \vec R(u,v)

Now since

dS = |\vec R_u\times \vec R_v|dudv
and
\hat n =\pm\frac{\vec R_u\times\vec R_v}{|\vec R_u\times\vec R_v|}
with the sign chosen to agree with the orientation of the surface, you have
d\vec S =\hat n dS =\pm\frac{\vec R_u\times\vec R_v}{|\vec R_u\times\vec R_v|}<br /> |\vec R_u\times\vec R_v|dudv=\pm\vec R_u\times \vec R_vdudv
This allows you to express everything in terms of u and v with appropriate uv limits.
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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