Surface current density problem

In summary, the surface current density, K, is defined as the current through a unit width perpendicular to the flow and can be calculated using the formula K = v·σ, where σ is the surface charge density. This formula can be visualized by considering a rectangular sheet of charge in motion with a constant speed v and uniform surface charge density σ, where the surface current density along an imaginary line at right angles to the sheet is K = σv. This formula can also be justified by considering the units: (A/m) = (m/s)(C/m2). Additionally, it is possible to speak unambiguously about the current through a ribbon of width dl parallel to the current, as long as the current is constant along
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The surface current density, K, is defined as the the current through a unit width perpendicular to the flow. In particular:
K = v[itex]\cdot[/itex]σ
where σ is the surface charge density. Now I have a little trouble understanding this formula intuitively. Can someone describe in pictures how it is interpreted physically?
Also as a side note: Why can you unambigously speak of the current through a ribbon of width dl parallel to the current - what if the current changes as we move parallel to it?
 
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One way to justify that formula is to consider the units: (A/m) = (m/s)(C/m2).

Or: Imagine a long rectangular sheet of charge with width w and uniform surface charge density σ. Draw an imaginary line at right angles across the width of the sheet. Set the sheet in motion with constant speed v while keeping the imaginary line stationary.

In a time interval Δt, a length vΔt of the sheet passes the imaginary line. The total charge contained in that length is ΔQ = (σ)(vΔt)(w). The current passing the imaginary line is I = ΔQ/Δt = σvw. The surface current density along the imaginary line is K = I/w = σv.
 
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1. What is surface current density?

Surface current density is a measure of the flow of electric current per unit area. It is represented by the symbol J and is typically measured in amperes per square meter (A/m^2).

2. What causes surface current density?

Surface current density is caused by the movement of charged particles, such as electrons, along the surface of a conductor. This can be due to an external electric field, or by the application of a voltage difference between two points on the conductor.

3. How is surface current density calculated?

Surface current density can be calculated by dividing the total current flowing through a surface by the area of that surface. It can also be calculated by multiplying the conductivity of the material by the electric field strength at that point.

4. What are some applications of surface current density?

Surface current density is an important concept in the fields of electromagnetism and electrical engineering. It is used in the design and analysis of electrical circuits, as well as in the study of electromagnetic fields and their effects on conductive materials.

5. How does surface current density differ from current density?

Surface current density is specifically related to the flow of current along a surface, while current density can refer to the flow of current through any given volume or area. Surface current density only takes into account the current flowing along the surface, while current density takes into account the entire volume or area through which the current is passing.

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