Vector Addition and Subtraction for Homework Help

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To solve vector addition and subtraction problems, first sketch the vector sum C = A + B by placing the tail of vector B at the head of vector A, then draw a new vector from the origin to the head of B. For the vector difference D = A - B, reverse the direction of vector B and repeat the process. The vector E = -A - B can be found by reversing both vectors A and B and then adding them. For the difference F = B - A, place the tail of A at the head of B and draw the resulting vector. Breaking vectors into their (x,y) components is also a valid method for performing these operations.
EmmaB03

Homework Statement


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For the vectors A and B (shown in the figure attached), carefully sketch:

- The vector sum C = A + B
- The vector difference D = A - B
- The vector E = -A - B
- The vector difference F = B - A

Homework Equations



Please explain how to do this.

The Attempt at a Solution



Don't know what to do :(
 

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When adding two vectors, keep the first one in place, and then put the tail of the second at the head of the first. Then you can draw from the origin to where that second vector's head is, and that's your new vector. Do the same for subtracting, but reverse the direction of the one you're subtracting.

You can also break the vectors up into their (x,y) components and add/subtract those, giving you the (x,y) components for your new vector.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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