Vector model of atom. Hopefully easy question.

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the vector model of the atom, specifically the total angular momentum vector ##\vec{j}##, which is defined as the sum of the orbital angular momentum vector ##\vec{l}## and the spin angular momentum vector ##\vec{s}##. The intensities of these vectors are given by the formulas ##|\vec{l}|=\sqrt{l(l+1)}\hbar##, ##|\vec{s}|=\sqrt{s(s+1)}\hbar##, and ##|\vec{j}|=\sqrt{j(j+1)}\hbar##. The values of ##j## can be either ##j=l+s## or ##j=l-s##, representing the maximum and minimum possible values of total angular momentum. The confusion arises from the relationship between the magnitudes of the vectors, as the sum of the magnitudes does not equal the magnitude of the resultant vector when considering the maximum value.

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LagrangeEuler
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In system with one electron total angular moment vector ##\vec{j}## is just:
[tex]\vec{j}=\vec{l}+\vec{s}[/tex]
http://selfstudy.in/MscPhysics/BScVectorModelOfAtom.pdf
In page 3
author draw a triangle. Intensities of the vectors are ##|\vec{l}|=\sqrt{l(l+1)}\hbar##, ##|\vec{s}|=\sqrt{s(s+1)}\hbar##, ##|\vec{j}|=\sqrt{j(j+1)}\hbar##
And then from nowhere ##j=l+s## or ##j=l-s##. Could you please explain me that! Tnx.
 
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These are maximal and minimal possible values, respectively. If you add two vectors, the length of the sum will always lie between these two extremal values.
 
But if I look this intensity formulas
[tex]|\vec{l}|+|\vec{s}|\neq |\vec{j}|_{for j=l+s}[/tex]
Right?
 

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