In a 3d state of hydrogen, the quantum numbers are defined by the principal quantum number n and the azimuthal quantum number l. For a 3d state, n equals 3 and l equals 2. The possible values for the magnetic quantum number Lz are -2h, -h, h, or 2h. The total angular momentum L is calculated as L = √(l(l+1))h, resulting in L = √6h for the 3d state. Understanding the significance of the quantum numbers is crucial for solving related problems in quantum mechanics.