The screeching noise from phone adapter transformers is likely caused by a high-frequency switching converter cycling at an audible frequency, possibly due to a failed filter capacitor. This issue may arise from delamination of the transformer core or poor regulation in switch mode power supplies (SMPS). Users have noted that the noise can change depending on whether the adapter is under load, and it often quiets down when connected to a device. If the screeching is a new behavior, it is advisable to replace the adapter, especially if it's a non-OEM charger. Ultimately, the consensus is that the adapter is likely to fail soon, and using OEM chargers is recommended for device safety.