NTFS (New Technology File System) is a file system developed by Microsoft for its Windows operating systems, offering advanced features like support for large files, improved security through file permissions, and better data recovery options compared to older systems. FAT16 and FAT32 (File Allocation Table 16 and 32) are older file systems that are simpler and more compatible with various operating systems but have limitations in terms of file size and volume capacity. FAT16 supports smaller disk sizes and file sizes up to 2GB, while FAT32 allows for larger volumes and files up to 4GB. The primary differences between NTFS and FAT systems include NTFS's support for larger files, enhanced security features, and better performance with larger storage devices. The discussion also references external links for further reading on these file systems.