Doubling the diameter of a wire while keeping its volume constant results in a decrease in resistance by a factor of 16, as indicated by the Cambridge IGCSE exam answer key. This is derived from the relationship between resistance, length, and cross-sectional area, where resistance is inversely proportional to the area and directly proportional to the length. When the diameter increases, the cross-sectional area increases significantly, while the length must decrease to maintain constant volume. The confusion arises from the assumption about how these changes affect resistance, particularly in DC versus AC contexts. Understanding these principles clarifies why the resistance changes by such a large factor.