Which formulas do I use to solve these pr

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To solve the assigned physics problems, focus on Newton's laws, conservation of momentum, and the equations of motion. Understanding these fundamental concepts will provide the necessary framework for tackling problems 2-6. It’s important to attempt the problems independently after identifying the relevant formulas. Seeking confirmation of your answers later can enhance your learning process. Mastering these principles will aid in your physics comprehension as a computer science major.
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I have been assigned several physics problems by my professor, but am not sure how to solve them due to my inexperience with physics (computer science major). It would obviously not help me if I asked somebody to solve all of the problems for me, but what I would like to know is what formulas I will need in order to solve problems 2-6. Once I know that, I will attempt to solve the problems myself and perhaps ask if my answers are correct later.

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Look up Newton's laws and conservation of momentum. May also need the equations of motion.
 
Thread 'Variable mass system : water sprayed into a moving container'
Starting with the mass considerations #m(t)# is mass of water #M_{c}# mass of container and #M(t)# mass of total system $$M(t) = M_{C} + m(t)$$ $$\Rightarrow \frac{dM(t)}{dt} = \frac{dm(t)}{dt}$$ $$P_i = Mv + u \, dm$$ $$P_f = (M + dm)(v + dv)$$ $$\Delta P = M \, dv + (v - u) \, dm$$ $$F = \frac{dP}{dt} = M \frac{dv}{dt} + (v - u) \frac{dm}{dt}$$ $$F = u \frac{dm}{dt} = \rho A u^2$$ from conservation of momentum , the cannon recoils with the same force which it applies. $$\quad \frac{dm}{dt}...
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