Why Are 2 Bulbs in Series Dimmer Than in Parallel?

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Two bulbs in series are dimmer than two bulbs in parallel due to differences in resistance and voltage distribution. In a series circuit, the total resistance increases (r = r1 + r2), leading to a reduced voltage across each bulb, resulting in lower brightness. In contrast, in a parallel circuit, the total resistance decreases (1/rtotal = 1/r1 + 1/r2), allowing each bulb to receive the full voltage, which enhances brightness. The number of electrons passing through does not compensate for the voltage drop in series. Therefore, the configuration of the circuit significantly affects the brightness of the bulbs.
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Why would 2 bulbs in series be dimmer than 2 bulbs in parallel? I know bulbs in series have 1/2 the voltage, but compared to their parallel friends, they are getting twice the number of electrons passing through (i.e. the resistance is the same, right?) so ... why are they dimmer?
 
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the resistance isn't the same. For bulbs in series the resistance is r=r1+r2.
Where as in parallel it is 1/rtotal=1/r1+1/r2. You can think of the bulbs as having a set resistor inside, because they're not the same as the surrounding circuit, so treat it as if they are resistors and not bulbs.
 

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