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What is the mechanism by which these cations cause cancer?
Both Ni+2 and Cr+6 are known to be carcinogenic because they have been shown to cause cancer in various studies. They can damage DNA and disrupt normal cellular processes, leading to the development of cancerous cells.
Ni+2 and Cr+6 are able to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can damage DNA and other cellular components, leading to mutations and alterations in cell growth and division. This can ultimately result in the development of cancer.
Yes, there are specific types of cancer that have been linked to exposure to Ni+2 and Cr+6. These include lung cancer from inhalation of these metals, and various types of skin cancer from direct skin contact.
Ni+2 and Cr+6 can be found in various industrial processes, such as metal plating, welding, and stainless steel production. They can also be present in certain consumer products, such as batteries and chrome-plated items.
There are established safe exposure limits for both Ni+2 and Cr+6 set by regulatory agencies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). However, it is important to note that any level of exposure to these metals can still pose a risk for developing cancer.