Why Do Experimental Values Differ from Ideal in Filter Circuits?

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Experimental values in filter circuits often differ from ideal values due to several factors, including component tolerances, input and output impedance variations, and the characteristics of active devices like transistors or operational amplifiers. These active components can introduce deviations from the expected response due to their non-ideal frequency characteristics, which affect gain and filter performance. The quality factor and bandwidth of the filter may also be impacted by these limitations. Additionally, measurement techniques and environmental conditions can further contribute to discrepancies. Understanding these factors is crucial for accurately analyzing filter circuit performance.
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New poster has been reminded to use the Homework Help Template when posting schoolwork questions, and to post only one question per thread.
For my lab I need to explain why my ideal values are different compared to my experimental values. besides things like resistor and capacitor tolerances, what would cause a slightly different output?
 
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Can you give us more details about your lab? All we know right now is that you're working with an electrical circuit that includes resistors and capacitors. We don't even know what you measured or how far off from ideal your numbers were.
 
Input and output impedance?
 
In case of active filters the used active device (transistor, opamp,...) can introduce additional deviations from the ideal response.
This will happen if the limited non-ideal frequency characteristics of the device (frequecy-dependent gain) does not allow the envisaged filter characteristics (Quality factor, bandwidth).
 
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