Why Do TEM Waves Exhibit Uniform Field Distribution in the Transverse Plane?

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TEM waves exhibit uniform field distribution in the transverse plane due to the nature of their electric and magnetic fields, which are consistent with static fields. In a coaxial cable, the radial electric field arises from the voltage difference between conductors, while the azimuthal magnetic field is generated by opposing currents. These fields adhere to Maxwell's equations, ensuring their uniformity. The propagation speed of these signals is nearly that of light, determined by the formula v = 1/sqrt(LC), where L is inductance and C is capacitance per unit length. Understanding these principles is crucial for analyzing signal behavior in transmission lines.
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why does TEM waves have the same distribution of static fields in the transverse plane
 
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The TEM fields of a signal in a coaxial cable at any instant are the same as static fields. There is a radial electric field due to the voltage difference between the conductors, and there is an azimuthal magnetic field between the two conductors due to the opposing electric currents in the two conductors. They obey Maxwell's equations. These signals travel at nearly the speed of light:

v = 1/sqrt(LC) where L and C are the inductance and capacitance per unit length. The ratio of the voltage and current is Z = sqrt(L/C).

Bob S
 
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