Why do we believe ultra high energy cosmic rays come from supernovae?

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Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHE CRs) are believed to originate from sources like gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) rather than supernovae, as supernovae lack the necessary energy to accelerate particles to UHE levels. Recent research has established a connection between long-duration GRBs and supernovae, suggesting that while supernovae alone are unlikely sources, they may be linked to UHE CR production through GRBs. Documents from the University of Utah's Hi-Res group emphasize the challenges in attributing UHE CRs to supernovae due to their insufficient energy output. The ongoing research continues to explore the dynamics of these cosmic phenomena. Understanding the origins of UHE CRs remains a complex and evolving area of astrophysics.
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Why is it that we think ultra high energy cosmic rays are emitted from supernovae.
 
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Welcome to Physics Forums physics_illiterate!

Do you have a link to a document which discusses ultra-high energy (UHE)* cosmic rays (CR) being emitted from supernovae? http://www.physics.adelaide.edu.au/astrophysics/cr_new.html from the University of Utah's Hi-Res group both state that supernovae are unlikely to be sources of UHE CRs; e.g. (from the second source) "However, it is difficult to explain the existence of cosmic rays above 1018 eV, because supernovae are simply not large enough to maintain acceleration to the UHE regime."

However, the huge energies generated in gamma ray bursts (GRB) suggested to many that they might be a source of UHE CR. Recently, the link between at least some "long duration" GRBs and supernovae was established.

http://ws2004.ift.uni.wroc.pl/Lectures/Lipari/SECOND.PDF give a flavour of some current work and thinking.

*the term "ultra-high energy" here means above ~1018 eV.
 
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