Phase velocity is defined as v = ω/k, where ω is the angular frequency and k is the wave number, derived from the harmonic wave equation f(x,t) = a sin(kx - ωt). By rewriting the equation as f(x,t) = a sin(k(x - (ω/k)t)), it becomes clear that if x - (ω/k)t = s (a constant), then the wave's value remains constant, represented as a sin(ks). This indicates that the signal propagates in the positive x-direction at a velocity of ω/k. The trajectory of the signal can be expressed as x = s + (ω/k)t, confirming that the phase velocity describes how the wave's phase moves through space over time. Understanding this relationship clarifies the concept of phase velocity in wave mechanics.