Why Is Torque Considered Positive in This Physics Problem?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the concept of torque in a physics problem involving a uniform solid cylinder, specifically addressing why torque is considered positive in the equation mg - Ft = -ma. The confusion arises from the direction of rotation; while the user initially believes torque should be negative due to clockwise motion, it is clarified that both torque and angular acceleration are vectors that point in the same direction. The correct application of the torque equation, τ = Ft * R = I * α, leads to the conclusion that the acceleration of the cylinder is ⅔ g, aligning with established physics principles.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's second law of motion
  • Familiarity with the concepts of torque and angular acceleration
  • Knowledge of moment of inertia, specifically I = 1/2MR^2
  • Basic vector analysis in two-dimensional physics problems
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the relationship between torque and angular acceleration in rotational dynamics
  • Explore vector representation of physical quantities in 2D physics problems
  • Learn about the implications of positive and negative values in vector equations
  • Review examples of torque calculations in different rotational systems
USEFUL FOR

Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics and rotational dynamics, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts of torque and angular motion.

RanaiD
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Hi,
I'm having trouble understanding this attached example in my physics textbook. It notes torque as being positive when substituted back into mg-Ft=-ma rather than being negative which I would think it would be because it is going in the clockwise direction. Can anyone help me understand why this is?

Ex: String is wrapped around a uniform solid cylinder (like a yo-yo) of mass M and radius R, and the cylinder starts to fall from rest, find the acceleration:
They do Ftension-mg=-ma (which I understand)
And then look for torque: torque=Ftension*R=I*angular acceleration. <-- This is where I diverge from what they do since I did torque=Ftension*R= - I * angular acceleration
They end up with ⅔ g, and I get 2g. Their answer obviously makes more sense so I don't understand why torque would be positive.
Also by the way, I is 1/2MR^2

Thank you for any help!
 
Physics news on Phys.org

Torque and angular acceleration are each vectors. In 2D problems, the "+" or "-" value indicates whether a vector points "into the page" or "out of the page". In the vector statement of the equation "torque = (moment of intertia)(angular acceleration), both the torque vector and the angular acceleration vector point in the same direction.
 
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