What is Kinetic energy: Definition and 1000 Discussions
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.
It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.
In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is
1
2
m
v
2
{\displaystyle {\begin{smallmatrix}{\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}\end{smallmatrix}}}
. In relativistic mechanics, this is a good approximation only when v is much less than the speed of light.
The standard unit of kinetic energy is the joule, while the English unit of kinetic energy is the foot-pound.
My apologies if the prefix is too high of complexity. I don't know where this would fall, difficulty or academically speaking.
While it may be surprising to some given Hollywood's portrayal of it in movies, if a person in wearing hard bulletproof armor is struck by a projectile, the person is...
Part A) So from a force diagram we can see that the only two forces acting in our system are the spring force(positive y axis) and the weight of the rocket(negative y axis), which means the spring force is equal and opposite to the weight force.
The weight is simple enough ##12* 9.8=117.6N##...
I'm not interested in the mathematical derivation, the mathematical derivation already is based on the assumption that momentum is a vector and kinetic energy is a scalar, thus it proves nothing.
Specifically, what happens if we discuss scalarized momentum? What happens if we discuss vectorized...
This is from Taylor's classical mechanichs, 11.4, example of finding the Lagrangian of the double pendulum
Relevant figure attached below
Angle between the two velocities of second mass is
$$\phi_2-\phi_1$$
Potential energy
$$U_1=m_1gL_1$$
$$U_2=m_2g[L_1\cos(1-\phi_1)+L_2(1-\phi_2)]$$...
Time indepedendent Schrödinger equation for a system (atom or molecule) consisting of N electrons can be written as (with applying Born - Oppenheimer approximation): $$ [(\sum_{i=1}^N - \frac {h^2} {2m} \nabla _i ^2) + \sum_{i=1}^N V(r_i) + \sum_{i < j}^N U(r_i,r_j)] \Psi = E \Psi $$
Terms in...
Here's my list of variables and things to account for:
m=100kg
Wnc=5000J
Wfriction=-500J
-Kinetic energy will be doubled (though I don't know how that plays into it exactly)
-I don't think there's any PE because it's on level ground
My idea of what the equation might be:
Wnc +1/2mv^2initial =...
1. From resnik, Halliday “Kinetic energy K is energy associated with the state of motion of an object. The faster the object moves , the greater is the kinetic energy”
If I am right this means that greater the kinetic energy, greater is its speed.
2. Force transfers energy to the body due to...
Hello,
I’ll start by saying I have the answers and the steps to the solutions, but there’s a comprehension disconnect somewhere that I’m trying to figure out. There are two parts to my question but the second one may not apply depending on the answer to the first. I wasn’t sure from the forum...
Lets consider T(\vec{p})=\frac{\vec{p}^2}{2m}=\frac{\vec{p}\cdot \vec{p}}{2m}. Then \frac{dT}{dt}=\vec{v}\cdot \vec{F}.
And if we consider
T=\frac{p^2}{2m} than \frac{dT}{dt}=\frac{1}{2m}2p\frac{dp}{dt}
Could I see from that somehow that this is \vec{v}\cdot \vec{F}?
The classical definition to the Kinetic Energy equation is KE=integral of F*dx where F=d(m*v)/dt. When mass is constant, KE=(1/2)m*v^2.
I am working on a vibration problem at work and having to review my Lagrangian Dynamics books from 30 years ago. So my question is about all of the authors...
I spend a lot of time thinking about collision problems because for me they are both extremely interesting and often very difficult to grasp when one thinks about them beyond the basics we are taught in introductory or even intermediate university courses.
Suppose there is a perfectly elastic...
A bullet with mass m, velocity v perfectly elastically, vertically collide with one end of a rod on a slippery plane and the bullet stops moving after the collision. Find the mass of the stick M
the bullet stops moving after an elastic collision, so all energy is transformed to the rod. There...
This question does not have numbers, so I'm stumped. Here's my thinking.
(I), the gain in KE is less than the loss in GPE is correct according to the key, but I think I don't understand this conceptually. Can you ask me questions to make me think about this a bit more? I can't even form...
I got curious about firearm ballistics and googled something similar to "bullet momentum vs kinetic energy".
IIRC, momentum P = mv (checked); and kE = (mv^2)/2 (also checked).
So I essentially wondered if it's worse to get hit by a bullet with greater kE than by one with lesser kE, presuming...
Hello again. I don't believe there are rules about posting twice in a day. I'm not a student and I answer Physics questions as a hobby, but I've only just started learning, so please help me out. I'm answering IBDP Physics questions.
Here's my thinking:
KE is not a vector quantity, so it's...
I'm having trouble putting the rest of the equations together, I believe I need the different from (0,0,0) to (1,0,0) and then (1,0,0) to (1,1,0) right? Then solve for x direction and y direction. What would I use for Wnc tho? I'm very confused.
A free particle with coordinates as shown has kinetic energy ##T = \frac{1}{2}m\left(\dot r^2 + r^2\dot\theta^2 + r^2\sin^2\theta\dot\phi^2\right)##
So we see ##T## depends on ##\theta##.
Now suppose we rotate our coordinate system such that only one coordinate ##\theta## changes from...
I know the math behind these, and I'm happy to use more precise language if needed, I just wanted to get some input on this sweeping generalization that entropy is the conversion of potential to kinetic energy.
A brief summary of two important branches of entropy:
1) thermodynamics - the total...
Say 2 cars are traveling side by side at 10 m/s in some flat, wide open space. Relative to each other they are stationary. Relative to someone on the ground they are both moving at 10 m/s. Now say you're in 1 of the cars and you see the other car accelerate, changing his velocity by 10 m/s in...
It is my second "energy state diagram problem" and I would want to know if I am thinking correctly.
First I have done some function analysis to get a glimpse of the plot:
- no roots but ##\lim\limits_{x\to-\infty}U(x)=\lim\limits_{x\to+\infty}U(x)=0##
- y interception: ##U(0)=-U_0##
- even...
There are n vertical identical parallel identical cilinders rotating around their length axes with the same angular velocity. The are somehow fixed wrt to Earth and brought together (on a rail?). After the contact there is no slipping and the cilinders are coupled to their neighbor cilinders. It...
Ball A of mass 2kg, is moving in a straight line at 5 m/s. Ball B of mass 4kg is moving in the same straight line at 2 m/s. Ball B is traveling directly towards Ball A. The balls hit each other and after the impact each ball has reversed its direction of travel. The kinetic energy lost in the...
Hello,
It might sound silly, but when I try to calculate the kinetic energy of a rotating rod to form the Langrangian (and in general), why it has both translational and rotational kinetic energy?
Is it because when I consider the moment of Inertia about the centre I need to include the...
Hi guys,
a special relativity problem requested to choose the right graph representing relativistic momentum ##p## as a function of rel. kinetic energy ##K##, from these four:
At first, I tried writing ##p## as a function of ##K##, in order to then analyze the function's graph and see if it...
I have no idea how to do this. I've tried conservation of mechanical energy and it didn't work.
Ek = Kinetic Energy
R = horizontal range of the ball
h = height from which the ball is released
As stated, part (a) says that the work done by the gravitational force ##\vec{F_g}## is 59 kJ. If ##W_T## is the work done by the elevator cable during the 12 m fall, then using the work-kinetic energy theorem,
\begin{align*}
K_f -K_i &= W_g + W_T\\
\frac12m({v_f}^2 - {v_i}^2) &= 59000 + W_T\\...
D is correct, the reasoning is as follows:
1/2*(M1V1)^2 + 1/2*(M2V2)^2 = 1/2 * (M1 + M2) (Vcm)^2, since V1 =V2 =Vcm
KE retained = KE final = 1/2 *M(Vcm)^2
Let me know if reasoning is okay?
However, why A isn't correct?
So always in my problems i had mass (M) but now i don't and it seems impossible to solve this problem if I don't have mass I think i am missing something. I was looking for similar problems in my book and internet and didn't find any.
We know temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of molecules/particles of a system. Now if a car starts to move, its velocity increases so does its kinetic energy. Therefore all the molecules are gaining velocity too. Shouldn't this increase the temperatre as average kinetic energy of...
I have some doubts with respect on how the functional derivative for the kinetic energy in density functional theory is obtained.
I have been looking at this article in wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_derivative
In particular, I'm interested in how to get the...
Yes, heat can flow into a body without increasing the mean kinetic energy of its molecules. Transferring heat energy to an object will raise its internal energy, this will not necessarily cause an increase in temperture. Specific latent heat is the energy required to change the state of one...
Hi,
Could anyone please give me a little advice.
If we look at a disc brake on a vehicle, the disc brake pads apply a friction force on the disk rotor which causes the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle to be turned into heat.
Does this heat reduce the reactive force experienced on the disks...
Summary:: What is the temperature change of a bullet upon impact.
I have this problem to solve but I'm kinda stuck, would apricate any feedback.
We fire a silver bullet with a muzzle speed of 200 ms−1 into a sack of sand. What is the temperature change of the bullet, if 40 % of its kinetic...
The expectation value of the kinetic energy operator in the ground state ##\psi_0## is given by
$$<\psi_0|\frac{\hat{p^2}}{2m}|\psi_0>$$
$$=<\psi_0|\frac{1}{2m}\Big(-i\sqrt{\frac{\hbar mw}{2}}(\hat{a}-\hat{a^{\dagger}})\Big)^2|\psi_0>$$
$$=\frac{-\hbar...
A baseball is thrown and lands 120 m away. While the ball is in flight, assuming the effect of air friction is negligible, which of the following is true?
a. At maximum height the ball has its greatest kinetic energy.
b. The horizontal component of the baseball’s kinetic energy is constant.
c...
Hello!
I was reading two things:
1) tidal locking (as explained in the Wikipedia article:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_locking
where it is stated that, because of internal friction caused by the body of water being attracted to the moon and deforming, the kinetic energy of the system...
So Ekf-Eki+Epf-Epi=0. I understand that the final potential energy is 0 (distance away approaches infinity), but don't get why the final kinetic energy becomes 0. If the final kinetic energy was 0, wouldn't that mean the object no longer has any velocity and would start being effected by the...
the answer in the solution book is 29K which only comes if I use mass for only one atom. ( They did not show any working )
My attempt:
1/2 x (1.67 x 10^(-27)) x (355)^(2) = 3/2 x 1.38 x 10^(-23) x T
T = 29.48820652 K
The confusion arises when I tried the following question:
Q. Estimate the...
So what I did first was calculate the initial and final potential energies with Epi=-9.433*10^11 m and Epf = -1.503*10^12 m.
Then I found change in potential energy, -5.597*10^11 m.
Using this I determined the change in kinetic energy, 5.597*10^11. I then added this change to the initial...
This confusion has lingered in the back of my mind for years now, would be good for me to finally get a grasp on this.
Say I have an object currently at rest, and I use energy X to accelerate it to speed v. According to the standard formula, it now has a kinetic energy 1/2mv^2.
Now I use the...
This problem got me kinda confused since I cannot really understand the question... who tells me how the energy dissipated in this case? Has it all transformed into heat to cause the coalesce of the two particles, or ar the two particles now merged together still traveling with a certain amount...
Hello, I am learning how to use calculus to derive the formula for kinetic energy
now, I understandthe majority of the steps in how to do this, however, there is one step where I get totally lost, I will post a picture of the steps and I will circle the part where I get lost. If you see the...
Because, ##F=ma=kv##, therefore, ##a=kv/m##. Clearly, the net acceleration ##A=-(g+a)##.
Also, ##A=dv/dt=-(g+ \frac {kv} m )##, so cross multiplying and integrating LHS with respect to ##v## and RHS with respect to ##t## gives me:
$$ v= e^{ \frac {-tk} m } * (u + \frac {gm} k) - \frac {gm} k $$...
I have a problem regarding Kinetic Energy which as we know is 1/2 m v squared.
Say I have a 1kg mass moving at 10 meters/second. I have a 1 Newton rocket which I attach to the back and it burns for 1 second accelerating the mass by 1 m/sec/sec to 11 m/sec. The KE originally was 50 joules and it...
I first tried to get the solution by conserving the rotational kinetic energy and got ##\omega'=\frac2{\sqrt5} \omega##.
But, it was not the correct answer. Next I tried by conserving the angular momentum and got ##\omega'=\frac 45 \omega##, which is the correct answer.
Why is the rotational...
If we have a photon being converted to a positron-electron pair, but we lack enough energy for this to happen (hv<2Me*c^2) but the difference is smaller than the uncertainty amount, such that tunneling may be possible, would the resultant pair have net negative energy? Would tunneling even be...