What is Structure: Definition and 1000 Discussions

A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as biological organisms, minerals and chemicals. Abstract structures include data structures in computer science and musical form. Types of structure include a hierarchy (a cascade of one-to-many relationships), a network featuring many-to-many links, or a lattice featuring connections between components that are neighbors in space.

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  1. Math Amateur

    MHB Galois Theory - Structure Within Aut(K/Q) .... Lovett, Example 11.1.10 .... ....

    I am reading "Abstract Algebra: Structures and Applications" by Stephen Lovett ... I am currently focused on Chapter 8: Galois Theory, Section 1: Automorphisms of Field Extensions ... ... I need help with Example 11.1.10 on page 560 ... ...Example 11.1.10 reads as follows: My questions...
  2. Math Amateur

    I Galois Theory - Structure Within Aut(K/Q) ....

    I am reading "Abstract Algebra: Structures and Applications" by Stephen Lovett ... I am currently focused on Chapter 8: Galois Theory, Section 1: Automorphisms of Field Extensions ... ... I need help with Example 11.1.10 on page 560 ... ...Example 11.1.10 reads as follows: My questions...
  3. S

    Cardboard Robotics: Building a Desktop Robotic Arm

    Hey all! Undergrad in M.Eng here, building a desktop robotic arm (<12 inches tall, arduino board) for a personal project. I've been looking at materials, and aluminum and wood are both doable, but if possible I'd rather use a lighter material that I can cut without machines, such as a strong...
  4. E

    Calculating displacement and energy in a structure

    Homework Statement The problem is, calculate the energy and displacement of the structure. What is the displacement (y) in the middle of the beam? See drawing and variables in attached PDF file. Homework Equations See PDF file. Important: To form the moment function M(x), I use delta...
  5. O

    How to increase the stiffness of a simple structure

    Hello everybody, I am currently working on desinging a tool, and I would like to get your advice on how to increase it's stiffness. The tool will be used for correct positioning of a component. It consists of 2 parts : And
  6. RJLiberator

    What does Wavelength have to do with Crustal Structure?

    Forgive my ignorance, I am learning about topics like the geoid, geoid anomalies, gravity anomalies as it relates to lithospheric composition. In my studies, I repeatedly find talk of show wavelengths and long wavelengths having different effects on crustal composition. One example I can give...
  7. Y

    I FCC Structure Factor: Exploring Bragg's Diffraction

    I tried to treat FCC lattice with a lattice constant a, as a monoatomic lattice. The reciprocal lattice is a BCC with a lattice constant 2pi/a. And the structure factor is 1. But I can treat FCC lattice with a lattice constant a, as a simple cubic lattice, with 4 atoms in each unit cell. As one...
  8. I

    Crystal lattices and structure in solid state physics

    For the crystal lattices and structure Question picture is uploaded. Question.jpg My attempted answer is uploaded by a picture. My attempted ans. 1.jpg My attempted ans. 2.jpgThere is any mistake?
  9. R

    Electron distribution using tight binding band structure?

    Hi everyone, I am just wondering how to calculate electron distribution using tight binding band structure for a system like graphene or any other solid. So the goal is to get |\psi(r)|^2 which \psi is the band state and it is the linear combination of Bloch sum...
  10. yecko

    Which Lewis Structure is the Most Stable?

    Homework Statement http://i.imgur.com/Jt3u2uo.png Homework Equations octet structure bond strength bond order The Attempt at a Solution I have no idea why the answer is b... after reading the book... thank you.
  11. Togmeny

    Help with calculating tank weight wooden stand can handle

    Hi everyone, I am new here... please forgive me if my posting is imperfect :p I am planning to purchase a glass aquarium with tank dimensions: 48" (Length) * 24" (Depth) * 22" (Height) I wonder if a wooden stand with only edge support will be able to withstand the weight of the filled...
  12. S

    I Deducing the tensorial structure of a tensor

    Consider an expression of the following form: $$I^{\mu\nu}(r) = \int d^{3}k\ \ d^{3}l\ \ \delta^{4}(r-k-l)\ (g^{\mu\nu}k\cdot{l}+k^{\nu}k^{\mu}-k^{\mu}l^{\nu})$$ ##I^{\mu\nu}## must be of the form $$I^{\mu\nu}(r) = Ar^{\mu}r^{\nu} + B\eta^{\mu\nu},$$ where ##A## and ##B## are constants. How...
  13. mpolo

    I Has anyone ever determined at what rate quarks move?

    I am wondering if anyone has determined by experiment or calculation at what rate or even better what frequency the quarks move around at inside a neutron and proton? Do neutrons or protons vibrate at a specific frequency.
  14. Mr Davis 97

    Testing whether a binary structure is a group

    Homework Statement Consider the binary structure given by multiplication mod 20 on {4, 8, 12, 16}. Is this a group? If not, why not? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I started by constructing a Cayley table, and working things out. It turns out that 16 acts as an identity element, 4...
  15. T

    What is the structure of DNA polymerase III?

    According to Snustard and Simmons the structure of DNA polymerase III is the following, where the clamp loader( γ -δ complex ) is present on one side: But according to Lehninger the clamp loader is centrally located: Which one is right? Besides where can I find a correct diagrammatic...
  16. A

    What is the Lewis structure of C3H5+ ion?

    Hi, For school, I have to give the Lewis structure of C3H5+ ion. There is a method explained, which is fairly easy, and has always worked. It has also worked for ions. However, this is the first time I have to give the Lewis structure of a positive ion.The valence of the C atom is 4 electrons...
  17. Jenab2

    I Structure of Earth, pressure and density model

    I created interpolative curvefits to the graph of Earth's density as a function of radius, shown here: (Image from Wikipedia) Earth is assumed to be a sphere of radius 6371 kilometers. The independent variable r is the geocentric distance as a fraction of the Earth's radius; i.e. the range of...
  18. F

    Number of total reactions in a structure

    Homework Statement In the example A , Why the author stated the total reactions = 9 only ? How to determine the total reactions for this type of questions ? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution we can see that there is a total of 3 reactions (vertical , horizontal and moment) at the...
  19. J

    I Quantum mechanics shows how the poverty of energy imposes structure....?

    From Frank Wilczek's book 'A Beautiful Question' 'Quantum mechanics shows how the poverty of energy imposes structure' P196 Is he saying the poverty of energy imposes structure in the energy of a quantum system or structure in matter? Or both? If we look at an atom it has ordered structure in...
  20. J

    B Move vehicle in space by rail structure systema

    Here is my question and please tell what is wrong in this? So let's think that we have rail and we move Somekind batteries in this rail and we have also solar elements to get energy to power this rail system and a lamp to throw out enregy from this thing that we move. And what we move is...
  21. qnach

    I Crystal Structure Database (Pb0.5Sn0.5)Te

    I would like to find the crystal structure of (Pb0.5Sn0.5)Te I was told it is similar to NaCl basically an XY crystal I think it is called Space Group: 225 I would like to know the first, second, third ...layer of atoms closest to a X atom...and perhaps their distance... I found...
  22. hominnimoh

    I Fe Lattice: Band Structure & Fermi Surface Location

    This is schematic band structure for the dxz and dyz orbitals using a 2D square Fe lattice. What is the location in the Brillouin zone of the hole-like Fermi surface and the electron-like Fermi surface?
  23. I

    PCF Cross Sections: Compare & Learn Structure

    Hey there! I got two pictures of PCF's cross sections. Can anybody tell me if these PCF are the same? I mean, why there is an outer ring of smaller air holes in the pic 2, what does that ring represents? (core, cladding)
  24. Kara386

    Structure functions in electron-proton scattering

    Homework Statement In electron proton scattering, ##\int_0^{1} F^p_2(x)dx = 0.18## For the neutron in electron deuteron scattering, ##\int_0^1F^n_2(x)dx = 0.12## Therefore determine the ratio ##\frac{\int_0^1xu^p_v(x)dx}{\int_0^1xd^p_v(x)dx}##. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution...
  25. J

    Analyzing a Complex Structure for Statics Project

    Hello everyone! I am not actually posting this discussion regarding a homework problem. But I wanted to get some ideas from you all about how to approach the analysis of a structure I am looking at for a Statics Project. The structure is very complex, and my project partner and I are trying...
  26. B

    Internal structure of the Earth and it's composition

    I was wondering how they managed to know the internal structure of Earth and it's composition while there is lava and it's very hot such that no any instruments can get there...seriously I am confused
  27. Kara386

    Energy splitting in hyperfine structure

    Homework Statement I've been given the worked answer to a very similar question, but there's a step I don't understand so I can't apply it. My question asks: An energy level with ##J=\frac{11}{2}## has six hyperfine sub-levels with these relative energies...
  28. M

    A Band structure after compensation doping

    As an electronic engineer I am not an expert on semiconductor physics but I think I understand the basics of energy band diagrams reasonably well. It all fits together fairly neatly with the normal textbook assumption that we are looking at pure N-type or P-type doping. The problem I have is...
  29. J

    Terms Allowed in Spectroscopic Structure of Calcium

    Homework Statement Why can't we have 4s^2 3S1 calcium? I've looked up a table of terms and this is never given, so I guess we can't have it. Why can't the spins of each of the outer electrons add to give S = 1, J = 1, and a degeneracy of 3? I guess the answer must be pretty basic since nobody...
  30. J

    A What is the most complex structure you can simulate at home?

    Let's say you have a good personal computer with these characteristics: i7-6700K, 32GB RAM, 256GB SSD, 2 x GTX 970 4GB And let's assume you can run your algorithms, software... for 24 hours. I wonder, if I would be calculating the orbital structure of an hydrogen atom with many electrons...
  31. massarchi

    A Structure or Material that can withstand a million years on Earth?

    hi, I got inspiration from alien, Prometheus, and knight of Sidonia(Japanimation) in these SIFI contents, I ve seen artificial things that stand quite long time. when it comes to man made structure, material, or method, I wonder is there any chance to survive million year on earth? structure...
  32. A

    2 Biochemistry MC Questions - Protein Structure, Enzymes

    1. A substrate molecule may be bound to the active site of an enzyme by all of the following EXCEPT A. Hydrogen Bonds B. Peptide Bonds C. Ionic Bonds D. Van der Waals Interactions E. Hydrophobic Interactions 2. Which of the following components is the most important in determining the 3-D...
  33. F

    I Constructing dimensions out of a graph structure?

    I have a question to anyone experienced with graphs and topology. The question is relevant for this topic: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/a-graph-based-model-of-physics-without-dimensions.887694/ Is it possible to construct an arbitrarily large graph (a set of vertices, a set of edges)...
  34. A

    Enflurane (CHFClCF2OCHF2) Lewis structure

    So I keep getting this problem wrong and I don't know what's wrong. The structure I came up with is attached. If anyone can help I'd really appreciate it!
  35. A

    Cut-off energy of Be having HCP structure

    Hello, I have to calculate the cut-off energy of Beryllium that have hcp structure with the paramters: a=2.29Å and c=3.58Å. WHAT I HAVE DONE SO FAR: Using plane (100) or (010) Since the formula is: $$E=\frac{1}{2} \times G^2$$ $$G=\frac{2 \Pi}{2d} $$ $$\frac{1}{d^2} = \frac{4}{3} \times...
  36. L

    A Question of Cartan's structure equation (in Principal bundle)

    I have question about the proof of Cartan's structure equation in the context of pincipal bundle in Nakahara's book. The attached image is taken from the book. To show that the curvature two-form ##\Omega ## satisfies ##\Omega (X,Y) = {d_P}\omega (X,Y) + [\omega (X),\omega (Y)]## The author...
  37. R

    What is the best structure for po4 -3

    i think it should have double bond with o
  38. G

    2-Dimension structure with highest shear strength

    I am looking for any references about 2-dimensional lattice structures (ie hexagonal like graphine) that have the highest shear strength (or just resistance to distortion in the 2D plane). Does anybody have any good references for this?
  39. artriant

    How do fluids behave in a space centrifugal structure (artificial gravity)

    How fluids would act around the circumference of a space centrifugal, where the habitable zones are. Given that we have a radial gradient of Artificial Gravity , plus Coriolis, inertia, frictions etc. Id expect some change. Will add a list of questions but this more like an open discussion...
  40. sukalp

    Introduction to Data Structures in C++

    In C++ we have 2 types of data structures :- 1)simple data structure so array and structure come in simple data structure group 2)compound data structure so stack,queue,link list,tree come in compound data structure group. In Indian board CBSE data structure linked list is not included it is...
  41. Y

    Understanding and Solving Vertical Structure Stress Equations

    Homework Statement http://holland.pk/uptow/i4/4af070d190cc175e6ca5d326cd60cda2.png The attempt at a solution the question have a possible solution? that equation is based on stress is constant, so how to use this equation to proof? i m a year 2 student. i can only solve part i...
  42. G

    How to figure out how much weight an object can support

    Hi, I need to figure out how much weight a 5 foot steel pipe will support before becoming unsafe. I am building a series of out door pull up bars for my neighborhood as an eagle project. I need to buy the right pipe/tube that will be sturdy enough but not have too big of a diameter that you...
  43. ATY

    Structure function in turbulence

    Hey guys, I need your help. I have to write a homework and we are actually looking at structure functions (Kolmogorov 41 and so on), but I have no clue what it does. So I have formulas, but I do not understand what a structure function is. Is it something in the "real world" or is it just a way...
  44. artriant

    Artificial gravity concept -- Rotating structure in space

    Hello everyone, i m working on a full circle space centrifuge concept. I try to support it with some maths but i don't want to dive into crazy details. I used alrdy lot of countermeasures to dangerous effects.I have problems similar to bridge mechanics. The design is not solid so i need to be...
  45. nehCrM

    I Electron configuration vs. Lewis dot structure?

    I am trying to make a connection between the two in terms of the electron configuration for an atom relative to the octet rule for Lewis Dot diagrams. Maybe I just don't understand what the electron configuration represents. Why is it that Lewis Dot diagrams utilize 8 valence electrons as a full...
  46. H

    Material properties resulting from hexagonal structure

    What are some properties of materials that are related to the fact that the crystal structure of said material is the hexagonal close-packed structure?
  47. G

    I Space Group Duplicates: Is it Possible for Monoatomic Crystals?

    Hello, I was building some test crystal structures with VESTA software and I noticed when generating the POSCAR output files to be read by VASP that for a simple monoatomic basis such as in elemental silicon crystals some distinct space groups produce the same exact POSCAR files (i.e. same...
  48. Liam A

    Chemical Composition of Paper: Structure & Molecules

    what is the chemical composition of common processed paper and what does the molecule's structure look like?
  49. H

    A About band structure calculation

    My question is more general but I explain it by a simple example i.e. graphene and tight binding method. I solved energy dispersion of graphene with tight binding by the two ways: First, I took graphene as a lattice with the two basis atoms A and B. In the second way, I took graphene as a...
  50. shade rahmawati

    Mechanical Boundary condition of a Floating Structure

    Dear all, I made a cad of floating structure (the frame only), figure attached below. It should be located in the water and moored, so it can't go anywhere. The CFD simulation was done. So I have fluid force on the structure. Now I want to do mechanical analysis of the structure by apply the...
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