Effective mass Definition and 60 Threads

Hello! I have the following Lagrangian: $$L = \frac{1}{2}mv^2+fv$$ where ##v = \dot{x}##, where x is my coordinate and f is a function of v only (no explicit dependence on t or x). What I get by solving the Euler-Lagrange equations is: $$\frac{d}{dt}(mv+f+\frac{\partial f}{\partial v} v) =...

I am new to this forum and in line with its rules I am trying not to repeat a question already asked. I find that Jeremyfiennes original question I.e Experimental evidence for effective mass increasing with speed” is the question I want to ask but I am not satisfied with the answers given so...

I'm trying to figure out the second order extension of the "trick" used on page 92 (https://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/tong/aqm/solid3.pdf) for the calculation of the effective mass matrix ##m^{\star}_{ij} = \hbar^2 (\partial^2 E/ \partial k_i \partial k_j)^{-1}## on page 94. I think for this one...

What is the best recent experimental evidence for effective mass increase (momentum/velocity) with speed, with experimental details? Searching the web all I find is either very old ones (early 1900s). Or vague generalized statements like (Wikipedia) "Many additional experiments concerning the...

Consider the following scenario. A material has the E-k band scheme as shown in the figure (extended scheme of zones). Could anyone give me a suggestion regarding the following : Electrical character of the material with the temperature. Sign of the Hall coefficient. Sign of the effective mass...

The Dirac equation for an electron in the presence of an electromagnetic 4-potential ##A_\mu##, where ##\hbar=c=1##, is given by $$\gamma^\mu\big(i\partial_\mu-eA_\mu\big)\psi-m_e\psi=0.\tag{1}$$ I assume the Weyl basis so that $$\psi=\begin{pmatrix}\psi_L\\\psi_R\end{pmatrix}\hbox{ and...

Since 2nd pulley accelerates downward with the same acceleration of m1, and because the string around pulley has a constant length, it must be that a2=−a1+ar and a3=−a1−ar, where ar is the relative acceleration between the pulley and m2. From the above 4 equations, we are supposed to determine...

Also can negative effective mass be used as a replacement in a warp drive? Also what is the most realistic warp drive theory?

https://ecee.colorado.edu/~bart/book/effmass.htm#short Looks like the effective mass for holes in Si can either be 0.57 or 0.81, according to the link above. Is there a temperature regime where one effective mass should be used instead of the other? Is anyone able to explain in layman's terms...

Homework Statement The energy-band dispersion for a 3D crystal is given by $$E(\mathbf k) = E_0 - Acos(k_xa) - Bcos(k_yb) - Ccos(k_zc)$$ What is the value of the effective mass tensor at ## \mathbf k = 0 ##? Homework Equations The effective mass tensor is given by $$ \left( \frac{1}{m^*}...

What is effective mass? What is zero and infinite effective mass?

Holes have an effective mass. How is the mass of holes measured physically?

Greetings, I have come across the effective mass in my solid state physics lectures, and I have troubles understanding it. I have uploaded the part of the script (handwritten 4,5 pages) that I don't understand. At page 3, it is shown that the effective mass in the vicinity is negative. What...

Hi all, Say we have a model in a solid state system where we have an effective mass, \begin{equation}m^*,\end{equation}some fraction of the free electron mass. Now we apply an external magnetic field. Then the Zeeman energy splitting should be: \begin{equation} E_{Zeeman}=\pm 1/2 g \mu_B B...

If yes, because graphene has infinite effective mass, has it infinite mass as well? http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/52125/effective-mass-and-fermi-velocity-of-electrons-in-graphene

I have seen that the energy of the band structure is defined in the following form. How do you obtain this form of the equation? Additionally, how can you obtain the effect mass of the electron? Do you just manipulate algebraically the equation of the energy of the band structure and solve it...

Often I see people using an effective mass model to describe electrons in the bottom of the conduction band. Spin orbit is then included as a perturbation in this effective mass model. But what is the justification for using this sort of model? Would the correct way not be to start from the full...

I have noticed that in a lot of theoretical modelling of semiconductors you assume that the electrons living in the bottom of the conduction band obey a free particle Hamiltonian: H = p^2/2m* , where m* is the effective mass in the conduction band and p^2 is the usual differential operator. I...

I want to write the kinetic energy operator as a matrix within a finite element approach for electrons moving in a crystal with some effective mass that is a function of position. Now usually we have: K = -ħ2/2m d2/dx2 such that the second order derivative of a wavefunction maybe written as...

I have some trouble understanding what to do when the effective mass in a heterostructure depends on position. Suppose for example that you have two materials, which are put together such that in one region the kinetic energy is described by one effective mass and in the other region another...

Hello pf Is the effective mass dependend on the donator atom in a semiconductor? In our experiment we have calculated the effective mass in a germanium semiconductor, doped with an unknown atom. It is 0.39m_e. From the internet we know that the effective mass is 0.33m_e. Is our result...

Why is it opposite to that of an electron?

Hi everybody; today I was reading some problems about a metal and the electrons of the conduction band; the man who solved them used the mass of the electron as effective mass (m*). I don't know why he did that; I have investigated but I don't have fount an explanation. Can somebody please...

Hello friends Can anyone tell me the effective mass of electron in polyethylene and how it depends on the crystalline nature of polymer.

Hi, I'm starting to study conduction in semiconductor and I have a doubt about the concept of effective mass. Let's suppose to deal with an dispersion relation in two dimensions; basically, the effective masses along the two axes are defined by means of the Taylor's expansion of the function...

Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I understand you can calculate the effective mass by using the equation above. What I'm unsure about is the "calculate the effective mass of the carriers" part. A donor impurity would be near the conduction band, therefore do...

... and semiconductors? I'm trying to get some basic principles sorted in my head and I can't seem to find a straight answer to this. The lecturer drew a dispersion graph to explain it but I'm still a little confused. I understand since ##m^{*}\propto \frac{1}{\frac{\partial^2 E}{\partial...

Hi, I am numerically solving the 2D effective-mass Schrodinger equation \nabla \cdot (\frac{-\hbar^2}{2} c \nabla \psi) + (U - \epsilon) \psi = 0 where c is the effective mass matrix \left( \begin{array}{cc} 1/m^*_x & 1/m^*_{xy} \\ 1/m^*_{yx} & 1/m^*_y \\ \end{array} \right) I know that...

I just want to know, is a technology designed to reduce the effective mass of a system possible, at least in theory? Within the system, everything acts as it should (it retains all chemical, physical, and structural properties), but outside, it acts as if it had a lower mass. It's not as...

i have solved a torsional semi-definite system problem. i have uploaded the solved problem. solved for modal participation factor and effective mass. for a semi definite system we know that one of the modes is rigid mode with natural frequency 0. i think due to the presence of rigid...

I have got confused about electron effective mass in crystals. Which of the definitions below are correct? 1) When an electron is in a crystal with periodic potential, it behaves such as a free electron with effective mass m^* 2) when an external force is applied on the electron in a...

Okay, so I've been trying to figure out what would be the time period of spring of mass 'M' & spring constant K which is hung vertically from a ceiling. Dividing the spring into n equal massless springs of spring constant k=nK which are connected to each other by n small objects of mass...

Hello you all! What about a slightly exotic idea? Here I propose to measure the "effective" mass of charge carriers by centrifugal force. Electrons in vacuum have a mass, and when moving in a solid an other mass, often called "effective" (as if the vacuum mass were ineffective). Centrifugal...

Hi. I'm doing research relating to solar cells and came about the topic related to effective masses. The wiki article stated how effective mass (solid state materials) influences the efficiency of solar cells, but doing more research I couldn't find any solid examples of an effective mass vs...

Hello, I have a question about conduction in metals. I guess you all know a common pedagogical picture where an electron bands are drawn as ~ cosine curves in 1D or E_0 - cos(k_x) - cos(k_y) in 2D. Now, in metals , we were told that the Fermi surface passes through the band. Therefore...

Hulse and Taylor's observation of PSR B1913+16 provides indirect evidence for the existence of gravitational waves ("GW") in accordance with GR. Simulations show recoil of merging black holes due to the momentum of the GW they emit during the inspiral. http://www.black-holes.org/explore2.html...

The Dirac electron in the Higgs vacuum field v and an electromagnetic field with vector potential A_\mu is described by the following equation: i \gamma^\mu \partial_\mu \psi = g v \psi + e \gamma_\mu A^\mu \psi where g is the coupling constant to the Higgs field and e is the coupling...

Homework Statement Im trying to find the equivalent mass of a beam so it can be modeled as a hanging point mass problem. Given the v = y_dot equation, y equation, and T Somewhere I am messing up with my math I believe as I am getting .36m instead of what I believe should be .23m...

I would like to ask about the reason why the electron "effective mass" was introduced in semiconductors. What is its' usefulness ? And also about the so-called "effective mass theory" used to calculate energies for the shallow defects in semiconducors. What are mean pecularities and...

Are the units for effective mass in kg? I have been trying to wrap my head around the concept then realized I wasn't even sure about the units. The formula is: m* = (h/2pi)2(d2E/dk2)-1 the units of h are in J-s, and the units of E are in J so... (J-s)2/J = J-s2 J = kg m2/s2 kg m2 s2/s2...

Hello, I have the problem, from Sze' book, tunneling current, what is m*? I want to konw the value of it. The m* has many reference, how do I select? My interested device is diode that was doped with Boron and Phosphorus for p-n junction. Thank very much.

What Does "Anisotropic Effective Mass" Mean? I'm reading "The Defintion of Mach's Principle" by Julian Barbour: http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.3368 from July of this year, and it contains a paragraph (Section 9 bottom of page 23) I do not understand, the beginning of which says: I have...

can we estimate effective masses of electron and hole from the band structure if yes how? can somebody explain with reference to Si band structure?

Does anyone know how to find an effective mass for an alloy such as InGaAs?

What is the effective mass of a charge carrier, numerically? Is it equivalent to the mass of an electron? Is it the same for negative charge carriers as it is for positive charge carriers?

Could somebody tell what is connection between effective mass of electron and its energy? As I know rest energy of electron is about 500 KeV what is pretty big. In some materials effective mass of electron is one thousand of its rest mass. Could we create some energy storage device which...

The literature i have on the origins / need for an effective mass of electrons seems only to relate it to the explanation of heat capacity of metals but it seems like the concept has applications far beyond this. Can someone pls provide a more general summary of its derivation and applications...

Hi all, according to textbook definition the effective mass of a particle in a periodic potential is \frac{\hbar^2}{m*} = \frac{d^2}{d k^2} E(k) where E(k) is the energy dispersion. Is this definition applicable at a generic point of a band, or only at the center and edge of the Brillouin...

in indirect band gap semiconductors ,the effective mass isn't constant , because of the anisotropie of this effective mass there are (longitidinal and transversal effective mass). for calculate the optical parameters in semiconductor , i need electron and hole effective masses , what the value...

Homework Statement In chapter 8, page 207 Kittel derives an equation for the fermi level in an intrinsic conductor: \mu=½Eg + \frac{3}{4}kBT*ln(me/mh) How am I to understand the ln(me/mh) part? Earlier he states that the effective mass is proportional to the curvature of the energy band...