Identity theft occurs when someone uses another person's personal identifying information, like their name, identifying number, or credit card number, without their permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. The term identity theft was coined in 1964. Since that time, the definition of identity theft has been statutorily defined throughout both the U.K. and the United States as the theft of personally identifiable information. Identity theft deliberately uses someone else's identity as a method to gain financial advantages or obtain credit and other benefits, and perhaps to cause other person's disadvantages or loss. The person whose identity has been stolen may suffer adverse consequences, especially if they are falsely held responsible for the perpetrator's actions. Personally identifiable information generally includes a person's name, date of birth, social security number, driver's license number, bank account or credit card numbers, PINs, electronic signatures, fingerprints, passwords, or any other information that can be used to access a person's financial resources.Determining the link between data breaches and identity theft is challenging, primarily because identity theft victims often do not know how their personal information was obtained. According to a report done for the FTC, identity theft is not always detectable by the individual victims. Identity fraud is often but not necessarily the consequence of identity theft. Someone can steal or misappropriate personal information without then committing identity theft using the information about every person, such as when a major data breach occurs. A US Government Accountability Office study determined that "most breaches have not resulted in detected incidents of identity theft". The report also warned that "the full extent is unknown". A later unpublished study by Carnegie Mellon University noted that "Most often, the causes of identity theft is not known", but reported that someone else concluded that "the probability of becoming a victim to identity theft as a result of a data breach is ... around only 2%". For example, in one of the largest data breaches which affected over four million records, it resulted in only about 1,800 instances of identity theft, according to the company whose systems were breached.An October 2010 article entitled "Cyber Crime Made Easy" explained the level to which hackers are using malicious software. As Gunter Ollmann,
Chief Technology Officer of security at Microsoft, said, "Interested in credit card theft? There's an app for that." This statement summed up the ease with which these hackers are accessing all kinds of information online. The new program for infecting users' computers was called Zeus; and the program is so hacker-friendly that even an inexperienced hacker can operate it. Although the hacking program is easy to use, that fact does not diminish the devastating effects that Zeus (or other software like Zeus) can do to a computer and the user. For example, programs like Zeus can steal credit card information, important documents, and even documents necessary for homeland security. If a hacker were to gain this information, it would mean identity theft or even a possible terrorist attack. The ITAC says that about 15 million Americans had their identity stolen in 2012.
Question Statement
If A+B+C = 180, prove that cos (A+B-C) + cos (B+C-A) + cos (C+A-B) = 1+4 cosAcosBcosC
My Attempt
If A+B+C=180,
Then A+B-C=180-2C
cos (A+B-c)=cos(180-2C)
(After some substitution and caculation)
cos (A+B-C) = -cos 2C
Similarily, I obtain the same expression for...
Using the theorem that in any boolean ring a+a=0 for all a in boolean ring R.
Then 0 is in R. Make the multiplicative identity 1 is also in it. Therefore R can only take 0 and 1 and no more because 1+1=0. 0+0=0. 1+0=1 always. So 2 or other elements can never occur.
Homework Statement
hi,
I'm working on constructible things again and in one of the proofs our prof threw out this identity and I just don't know where it came from...
Homework Statement
If dU=TdS-PdV then
(dS/dV)T=(dP/dT)V
the T and V at the end means that T and V are constant
How did they get this identity? It came from a thermodynamics hence for their notations.
I have tried ways like rearranging but it dosen't seem to work. I think it has something to...
Homework Statement
I am to show: closed integral {phi (grad phi)} X (n^)dS=0
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I understand I am to use divergence theorem here.but cannot approach.Please help
Homework Statement
Prove the Identity: tan²θ - sin²θ = tan²θsin²θ
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
Well I got up to (sin²θ/cos²θ) - (sin²θcos²θ/cos²θ) = sin⁴θ/cos²θ
I got the answer cause my calculator says sin²θ - sin²θcos²θ = sin⁴θ
But I don't know how sin²θ - sin²θcos²θ =...
Homework Statement
Prove the following identity: (1 + cos \theta)^2 + sin^2\theta = 2(1 + cos \theta)
Homework Equations
cos^2 \theta + sin^2 \theta = 1
The Attempt at a Solution
I've squared out the first bracket so that it becomes 1 + cos^2 \theta and multiplied out the second bracket so...
Can someone guide me on how to prove that
F_{4n+3} + F_{4n+6} = F_{2n+1}^2 + F_{2n+4}^2
either side of the above is the difference
(F_{2n+2}*F_{2n+3} + F_{2n+4}^2) - (F_{2n}*F_{2n+1} + F_{2n+2}^2)
I intend to post this sequence F_{2n}*F_{2n+1} + F_{2n+2}^2, with a comment re a few...
I'm trying to solve this trig problem:
sin^2000(x) + cos^2000(x) = 1
I'm not sure how to go about it... I tried starting with sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1 and build up to 2000 but I didn't get very far.
Obviously any multiple of pi will be an answer since either sin^2000 or cos^2000 will be...
Hi. I need to prove the following identity
\arccos{z} =i \ln { z + (z^2 -1)^\frac{1}{2} }
I was given a hint to write
\cos{A}=z,
then rewrite
\cos{A}
in terms of the exponential.
\cos{A}=\frac{\exp{iA}+\exp{-iA}}{2}=z
I took the log on both sides and got stuck at that...
I am having problems with one exam question.
Does this diophantine equation have a solution(s)
12a+21b+33c=6
as far as I know this is not a linear equation, and what I read online says that Bezout identity only applies for linear diophantine equations.
The solution says gcd(12,21,33)...
Homework Statement
On the set of Natural Numbers from 1 to 10000 are given the following identity relations.
R1 ; n R1 m where m and n have the same remainder by division by 24, that is mod n 24 == mod m 24.
R2 ; n R2 m where n and m have in decimal notation the same number of 2s
R3; n...
Hi can someone help me prove this identity? I'm having trouble understand the role of the interior product or more precisely how to calculate with it.
My professor uses the "cut" notation _| but i don't see this in any textbooks. Can someone give me some hints on how to prove the identity?
Homework Statement
Use the thermodynamic identity to derive the heat capacity formula C_V=T\frac{\partial{S}}{\partial{T}}_VHomework Equations
C_V=\frac{\partial{U}}{\partial{T}}
T=\frac{\partial{U}}{\partial{S}}
dU=TdS-PdV+\mudN
The Attempt at a Solution
I used...
Homework Statement
Show that, for any two nonzero complex numbers z_1 and z_2,
\text{Log } (z_1 z_2) = \text{Log } z_1 + \text{Log } z_2 + 2 N \pi i \, ,
where N has one of the values -1, 0, 1.
Homework Equations
The logarithm on the principal branch is:
\begin{align*}...
There is one last problem i have on my trig assignment and i have no clue how to do it. The questions is:
Find sinx, cosx, tanx, sin2x, cos2x, and tan2x from the given information:
secx=5, sin is negative.
If anyone could show me how to do this problem it would be soooo appreciated...
Hey I've got an assignment on trig identities and can't figure this one out.
Prove the Identity:
tanx+cotx=2csc2x
I got to
tanx+cotx= 1/2 sin2x=1/4sinx2cosx
but when i get to the point where i have numbers in front of the sinx or cosx i don't know what to do.
Thanks for any help
Today the professor wrote down the following for use in an integral:
\frac{1}{2}cos(2\theta)=sin\theta cos\theta
i am not sure is this is correct. i have tried to prove this and cannot, i have also not found it in an table of trig identities. Is this a valid identity? i am not sure since...
Question:
If \hat{A} and \hat{B} are two operators such that \left[\hat{A},\hat{B}\right] = \lambda, where \lambda is a complex number, and if \mu is a second complex number, prove that:
e^{\mu\left(\hat{A}+\hat{B}\right)}=e^{\mu\hat{A}}e^{\mu\hat{B}}e^{-\mu^{2}\frac{\lambda}{2}}
What I...
Is there a non-ugly proof of the following identity:
\langle Ax,y \rangle = \langle x,A^*y \rangle
where A is an nxn matrix over, say, \mathbb{C}, A* is its conjugate transpose, and \langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle is the standard inner product on \mathbb{C} ^n.
This isn't a homework question, it's just for personal enrichment.
I've been trying to prove that \tan\frac{\theta}{2}=\frac{\sin\theta}{1+\cos\theta}
I tried starting off with \tan\frac{\theta}{2}=\frac{\sin\frac{\theta}{2}}{\cos\frac{\theta}{2}}
is this even the right way to start the...
could anyone explain (no calculation) how to work the following identity so could get an understanding of it thank you
tan(45+A)degrees tan(45-A)degrees=1
Hey all,
I am unsure how to do this problem... i find problems where i have to derive things quite difficult! :P
http://img143.imageshack.us/img143/744/picture2ao8.png
this is the Full Fourier series i think and so the Fourier coeffiecients would be given by...
Hi,
I am trying to prove \frac{tanx+1}{tanx-1}=\frac{secx+cscx}{secx-cscx}
I am working on the right side and trying to get it to the same form as the left side.
I get to \frac{1+2sinxcosx}{sin^{2}x-cos^{2}x} which I COULD apply the fact that sin2x=2sinxcosx as well as...
Hi, how do I interpret the last sum:
http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/LagrangesIdentity.html
Sum (...)
1<=k < j <= n
Is it the double sum:
Sum( Sum( (a_k*b_j - a_j*b_k)^2 from k = 1 to n) from j = 2 to n ) ?
Hi, I have a question about a problem:
1/2csc(THETA)sec(THETA)
I have to find the identity for it and I know that csc is 1/sin and sec is 1/cos but after that I don't see where it can lead to a simple answer. If anyone knows it would be helpful, thanks!
It seems to me that this problem is going to become a major issue sooner than later. Not soon enough in my opinion considering no one is doing anything about it.
Much as I would like these people summarily executed without trial, the problem will unfortunately have to get much worse before...
I am asked to prove the following: (Note: z = x + iy)
|cos(z)|2 = cos2x + sinh2y
---------------
So I started the following way:
|cos(z)|2 = |cos(x+iy)|2
= |cos(x)cosh(y) - i(sin(x)sinh(y))|2
= cos2(x)cosh2(y) + sin2(x)sinh2(y) [after having square root squared removed]
once I got here I...
Problem: #29 in Strang Linear Algebra
Prove that the identity matrix cannot be the product of 3 row exchanges (or five). It can be the product of 2 exchanges (or 4).
Now, to start, we try to count the number of rows that are different from the identity matrix. For the first row exchange, it's...
T^i K_{ij} = K T^j K^{-1}
repeated indices imply summation.
T^i are the generators (Lie algebra elements) of SO(3).
i.e.T^i_{jk} = - \epsilon_{ijk}
T^i \in so(3)
K \in SO(3)
How to show it's true?
Is there a universal formula for all Lie group?
Hi
Where is the error is this 'identity'?:
(-e^i)^{\frac{1}{2}} = (-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}*e^{\frac{i}{2}}
My calculator says that the right side is minus one times the left but I can't see the mistake I'v made. Help me please, thanks.
Hi,
As in the title, what's the difference between the Kronecker delta and the identity matrix? They seem to have the exact same definition, so why are they differentiated? Thanks.
Molu
One often encounters the following identitiy in Tensor Analysis/Differential Geometry:
dx^j (partial/partial x^i) = partial x^j / partial x^i = delta ij
It's easy to see why partial x^j / partial x^i = delta ij
but how does
dx^j (partial/partial x^i) = partial x^j/partial x^i ?
I...
Hi, I'm stuck another vector identity question. It's of a different kind to the other one I asked about and looks so much easier but I just can't see what I need to do.
I am told to use standard identities to deduce the following result. The standard identities being referred to are listed in...
Hi, I am having an immense amount of trouble trying to show that the following identity is true.
Q. Let F be a C^2 vector field. Prove that
\nabla \times \left( {\nabla \times \mathop F\limits^ \to } \right) = \nabla \left( {\nabla \bullet \mathop F\limits^ \to } \right) - \nabla ^2...
how can i prove
tan X/sinx+cosx=sin^2 X + sinXcosX/cos X - 2cos^3X
so far I've tried using basic identities to figure it out, but i just end up getting confused.
:confused:
For homework, we were asked to prove that \cos^2 \theta + \sin^2 \theta = 1 is true for all angles \theta . Can someone please take a look at these and let me know if they are acceptable. I'm pretty sure the second one works, but I'm not sure of the first one, mainly because the premise of...
Trigonometric Identity??
I just can't figure this out. I don't think I've covered enough material to do this. Can anyone help? I've put the entire question but I am sure all i need is a little explanation and maybe the first answer and i could do the rest. :confused:
Let z =...