Index Definition and 795 Threads

Hello all, I want to know that refractive index of materials like cooper, zinc, aluminium, teflon, PMMA varies with the application of heat from room to 100°C and for negative temperatures 77k to 300k. thanks in advance.

Homework Statement In an experiment to find the index of refraction, n, of a block of glass, the angle of incidence, θi , and angle of refraction, θr , were measured a number of times as follows: θi 10◦ 20◦ 30◦ 40◦ 50◦ θr 7.0 ◦ 13.5 ◦ 20.0 ◦ 25.5 ◦ 31.0 ◦ calculate the index of refraction n...

Hi. Will the amplitude of Poynting's vector change if the electromagnetic wave goes from one medium to another? Shouldn't the amplitude remain constant due to conservation of energy? I.e. the photon-density and velocity will change, but their total intensity remains the same. I could always do...

My text has: ##\frac{\partial x^{a}}{\partial x^{p}}V^{p}-\frac{\partial x^{a}}{\partial x^{r}}V^{r}+\frac{\partial x^{a}}{\partial x^{p}}T^{p}_{qr}V^{r}+\frac{\partial x^{a}}{\partial x^{p}}\frac{\partial }{\partial x^{q}}V^{p}=\frac{\partial x^{a}}{\partial...

Homework Statement (a) Find faraday tensor in terms of ##\vec E## and ## \vec B ##. (b) Obtain two of maxwell equations using the field relation. Obtain the other two maxwell equations using 4-potentials. (c) Find top row of stress-energy tensor. Show how the b=0 component relates to j...

Shouldn't the index of refraction change due to the random Brownian motion. I watched a video recently that explained why light slowed down in different mediums and said that it was due to the fact that the light ray has to bounce off several particles before it leaves the medium its in.(Note...

Do someone knows what this dot "." means? I just know this notation [001]. Thank u Abigale

Homework Statement Index exceeds matrix dimensions Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I am trying to output into a text file something like this: Name ID scE ccE scC ccC Fake Subject 1 1 3 4 5 2 Fake...

I know that the refractive index is determined by a material's dielectric constant and magnetic permeability. It's also true that we can treat the refractive index as a complex function with the imaginary part giving you an absorption spectrum. You can then get the index of refraction from...

In obtaining the materials to build a transistor, should one choose wafers of the same Miller indexes? Will the lattice structure affect the interaction between two wafers?

Homework Statement Let ##G## be a group such that its center ##Z(G)## has finite index. Prove that every conjugacy class has finite elements. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I know that ##[G:Z(G)]<\infty##. If I consider the action on ##G## on itself by conjugation, each...

I know that the metric tensor itself utilizes Einstein summation notation but the field equations have a tensor form so the μ and ν symbols represent tensor information. I'm trying to wrap my head around how Einstein used summation notation to simplify the above field equations but it seems...

Is there such a thing as a classical theory for the index of refraction? I.e. are there expressions for the index of refraction ##n## in terms of other parameters like charge density? If so, a reference would be much appreciated.

Homework Statement A solid glass cube with edge length of 10.0 mm and index of refraction n=1.75 has a small, dark spot dead center of the cube. Find the minimum radius of black paper circles that could be pasted at the center of each cube face to prevent the center spot from being seen, no...

Homework Statement I am trying to prove $$\vec{\nabla}(\vec{a}.\vec{b}) = (\vec{a}.\vec{\nabla})\vec{b} + (\vec{b}.\vec{\nabla})\vec{a} + \vec{b}\times\vec{\nabla}\times\vec{a} + \vec{a}\times\vec{\nabla}\times\vec{b}.$$ I can go from RHS to LHS by writng...

Hi Everyone! I'm looking to prove $\nabla\cdot\left(\phi\textbf{u}\right)=\phi\nabla\cdot\textbf{u} + \textbf{u}\cdot\nabla\phi$ in index notation where u is a vector and phi is a scalar field. I'm unsure how to represent phi in index notation. For instance, is the first line like...

Refractive index on each side of a rectangular cube parallelepiped: n1, n2, n3 Is this correct: n1=n2=n3? http://image.bayimg.com/01c243801d8868097dbe98fb599b0d6aa9fb2e7d.jpg

I have a process of thought and would like to run past some other minds to point out if I am incorrect in my thinking. I am looking into conductivity in high frequencies and a lot of papers I am looking up list a complex refractive index. They list something as in nAg = 0.1453 + j11.3587...

Classical Theory of Particles and Fields, by Boris Kosyakov, has the following in appendix A: (I don't own a copy of the book. This came to my attention through this physics.SE question, and it turned out that this part of the book is accessible through Amazon's peephole.) This completely...

In Ng (the group index for a range of wavelengths), there is an index of refraction n used, but if the medium is dispersive, meaning n is a function of wavelength λ, which n is used? Is it some kind of an average? Or does n not change much over this range of wavelengths? if it doesn't change...

Homework Statement The index of refraction is given by n^2 = (N q / ε m) (1 / (ω0^2 - ω^2 + iγω)) Where N is the electron density, q is the charge of an electron, ε is the permittivity of free space, m is the mass of an electron, ω0 is the resonant frequency, ω is the incident frequency...

I'm interested in predicting the index of refraction of atmospheric air and several nonpolar gases at room temperature for pressures of 1 atm - 0 atm. I'm not really sure where to get started. I have found the relation n=\sqrt{1+\frac{3AP}{RT}} but I don't really get where it comes from. Well...

I am reading An Introduction to Rings and Modules With K-Theory in View by A.J. Berrick and M.E. Keating (B&K). In Chapter2: Direct Sums and Short Exact Sequences in Sections 2.1.14 and 2.1.15 B&K deal with ordered index sets in the context of direct sums and products of modules. Although it...

Hi All, I'm trying to create something which has a solid, cylindrical, non-reflective core (assume the core is made out of a black rubber similar to that of a car tyre for instance and 20m in length, but only 1cm in diameter), which has a translucent or transparent plastic layer (or several...

Does anyone know any good experimental techniques of measuring refractive index of water?

Asphalt in roads sometimes appears very black through polarizing glasses. I imagine it is possible to measure the angle of reflection with the highest degree of polarization, θ (Brewster's angle), for asphalt. For transparent materials, the refractive index is related to θ, n = tan θ. Is the...

Homework Statement Show: εlmn detA = εijkAilAjmAkn Homework Equations not sure The Attempt at a Solution I'm really not sure where to begin. I understand index notation (at least I think I do). Can anyone help me get started? I think that once I have the first step, I'll be...

Hi, there. I don't understand how the light travel in the medium which has the index of refaction below one from the following topic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_external_reflection “For X-rays, however, all materials have indices of refraction slightly below 1. ” I did some...

Consider a plane beam of light is falling normally on a material with thickness (d) and refractive index (n), the light partially transmits and partially reflects the light, so the light transmitting the light travels a distance (2nd) coming out of the material have a phase change of ∏ always...

Dear All, If two layers of thickness d1 and d2 stacked on each other and having their absolute refractive index n1 and n2 . Can we find effective refractive index of the combination with this data? Thanks in advance. Jayesh.

Greetings. how to calculate the refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient values from the reflectance data. And also suggest me how to measure the transparency of glass. Is there any relation between transparency and refractive index Thanks in advance

Hi! I want to conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of sucrose concentration on refractive index using a laser pointer however I would like to complicate this experiment as this is just a simple how x affects y experiment. It may also seem to straight forward as obviously higher...

The refractive index of H2 = 1.0001594 under the following conditions : P = 101325 Pa T = 273.15 K I cannot find any source for the refractive index of gases under any other conditions 3 Questions : a. What is the pressure gradient for the refractive index? b. What is...

Dear All, I would like to know about (question related to computational chemistry): what is valence molecular connectivity index of 3rd order cluster. Please provide an example? Thanks for your help. Regards, Rajini.

The Speed of yellow light( from a sodium lamp) in a certain liquid is measured to be 1.92E8 m/s. What is the index of refraction of this liquid for the light?

Homework Statement I am working on Problem #2 in the attached PDF Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution When I run this right now, I get an error in my first conditional for if the word is not in the index. How do I say that the word does not exist in the index? Any other...

Homework Statement A double concave lens has equal radii of curvature of 15.1 cm. An object placed 14.2 cm from the lens forms a virtual image 5.0 cm from the lens. What is the index of refraction of the lens material? A. 1.98 B. 1.9 C. 1.84 D. 2.06 Homework Equations 1/f = (n – 1 ) (1/R1...

This bothers me, and the question is simple: If am working with a non-minkowski metric g, when raising or lowering indexes of electromagnetism quantities, for example the electromagnetic tensor F, or the vector potential A, should I use my curved spacetime metric g or the minkowski metric n?

There is a vector ##v_i(t)## (i=1,2,3). How to define the three functions in Mathematica? What about ##t_{ij}(t,\vec{x})##? I am trying to solve my vector and tensor equtions with Mathematica. Analytical solution would be perfect but numerical solution would also be fine. Actually I am not...

Homework Statement We take a sphere (1mm) which has a parabolically changing refractive index, which is given in a function. Homework Equations Depending on the gradient of the refractive in the sphere, how does it correlates with the focal length. The Attempt at a Solution I...

Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Hello, I am having some confusion over the notation used in matlab. I don't really know what they mean A = [1:3; 4:6; 7:9] A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A(1:2, 1:2) ans = 1 2...

Hello, to the best of your knowledge, what is 1) the gas with the lowest adiabatic index ##\gamma=\frac{c_p}{c_v}## at room temperature 2) a very common, non-flammable, non-toxic gas with the lowest adiabatic index at room temperature Many thanks

I'm looking at a question that refers to kilometres per hour and uses the abbreviation\(km h^-1\) It looks like a -1 index -could someone [point out to me what this means (I'm only just starting to get back into maths!). Thanks

hello i have this question " a liquid has refractive index (n). find the refractive index of this liquid for an observer if the liquid have a velocity (v) to this observer " i have my solution in an attachment please look at it and tell me if it is the right solution thank you...

Hello experts! I wonder if there are any disadvantagês of Stêp Indêx Fibêr? I searched for my knowledge but only found advantagês. Thank you all.

Quantum Mechanics using Index notation. Is it possible to do it? I really don't get the Dirac Notation, and every-time I encounter it, I either avoid the subject, or consult someone who can read it. There doesn't seem to be any worthy explanation about it, and whenever I ask what is the Hilbert...

Could anyone please write the derivation (or forward me to the source of derivation) of the formula related these two properties. http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath187/kmath187.htm the first fomula in this article. thanks

I'm having some confusion with index notation and how it works with contravariance/covariance. (v_{new})^i=\frac{\partial (x_{new})^i}{\partial (x_{old})^j}(v_{old})^j (v_{new})^i=J^i_{\ j}(v_{old})^j (v_{new})_i=\frac{\partial (x_{old})^j}{\partial (x_{new})^i}(v_{old})_j...

I would like to find the refractive index of a 1M sorbitol solution. Is there any resource out there that lists refractive indexes? Is there any way to calculate this? Thank you

I understand how contravariant 4-vectors transform under a Lorentz transformation, that is: ##x'^μ= \Lambda^\mu~_\nu x^\nu## [1] and how covariant 4-vectors transform: ##x'_\mu=(\lambda^{-1})^\nu~_\mu x_\nu##. [2] Now, I have come across the following relations...